TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF FOODS
CONTENTS WATER ACTIVITY INTRODUCTION TIME TO REACH EQUILIBRIUM SOLID–FLUID BOUNDARY SURFACES ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM SURFACE ADHESION SORPTION ISOTHERMS FREUNDLICH MODEL LANGMUIR MODEL BET MODEL SORPTION OF WATER VAPOR IN FOODS MOISTURE CONTENT HYGROSCOPICITY BET EQUATION FOR FOODS GAB MODEL OTHER MODELS SHELF LIFE OF FOOD RELATED TO WATER ACTIVITY LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF SORPTION ISOTHERMS APPLICATIONS LITERATURE MASS AND DENSITY MASS WEIGHING AND ATMOSPHERIC BUOYANCY DENSITY TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF DENSITY PRESSURE DEPENDENCY OF DENSITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY (RELATIVE DENSITY) METHODS FOR LABORATORY MEASUREMENT OF DENSITY GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES: SIZE AND SHAPE PARTICLE SIZE SIZING BY IMAGE ANALYSIS EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS GEOMETRIC EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS PHYSICAL EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA SPECIFIC SURFACE OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA IN BULK MATERIALS PARTICLE SHAPE AND SIZE FOR CRYSTALS FORM FACTOR – SPHERICITY PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS SIZING BY SIEVING MEDIAN MODAL VALUE AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE – INTEGRAL MEAN SPECIFIC SURFACE DISTRIBUTION SAUTER DIAMETER CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRIBUTIONS MEASURING PARTICLE SIZE BY OTHER TECHNIQUES WEIGHING TECHNIQUE SEDIMENTATION AND AERODYNAMIC CLASSIFICATION WITH FLUIDS OPTICAL TECHNIQUES ELECTRICAL TECHNIQUES OTHER TECHNIQUES RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ELASTIC PROPERTIES UNIAXIAL STRESS YOUNG’S MODULUS BULK MODULUS SHEAR MODULUS POISSON’S RATIO AND TRANSVERSE STRAIN RHEOLOGICAL MODELS VISCOUS BEHAVIOR – FLOW SHEAR RATE NEWTONIAN FLOW BEHAVIOR NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW BEHAVIOR COMPARISON OF NEWTONIAN WITH NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS PSEUDOPLASTIC FLOW BEHAVIOR THIXOTROPIC FLOW BEHAVIOR DILATANT FLOW BEHAVIOR RHEOPECTIC FLOW BEHAVIOR PLASTIC FLOW BEHAVIOR OVERVIEW: NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW BEHAVIOR MODEL FUNCTIONS OSTWALD–DE-WAELE LAW MODEL FUNCTIONS FOR PLASTIC FLUIDS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ROTATIONAL RHEOMETERS MEASURING INSTRUMENTS BASED ON OTHER PRINCIPLES FUNNEL FLOW FROM BEAKER OR CUP VISCOELASTICITY STRESS RELAXATION CREEP OSCILLATION TESTING RHEOLOGY AND TEXTURE OF SOLID FOODS RHEOLOGICAL TESTS TEXTURE TESTS INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA INTERFACIAL SURFACE TENSION CURVED (CONVEX / CONCAVE) INTERFACES TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY CONCENTRATION DEPENDENCY LIQUID–LIQUID–GAS SYSTEMS SOLID–LIQUID–GAS SYSTEMS KINETICS OF INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA ADSORPTION KINETICS AT SOLID INTERFACES MEASUREMENT MEASURING INTERFACIAL TENSION MEASURING CONTACT ANGLE DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT PERMEABILITY STEADY STATE DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS CONDUCTIVITY, CONDUCTANCE AND RESISTANCE TRANSPORT THROUGH SOLID MULTILAYERS FOOD PACKAGING CONSIDERATIONS MOLECULAR TRANSPORT IN PERMEATION MEASUREMENT OF PERMEABILITY ANALOGOUS TRANSPORT PHENOMENA (HEAT AND ELECTRICITY) THERMAL PROPERTIES TEMPERATURE HEAT AND ENTHALPY THERMODYNAMICS – BASIC PRINCIPLES LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS HEAT CAPACITY IDEAL GASES AND IDEAL SOLIDS HEAT CAPACITY OF REAL SOLIDS CLASSIFICATION OF PHASE TRANSITIONS HEAT TRANSFER IN FOOD HEAT RADIATION CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER HEAT TRANSFER BY PHASE TRANSITION THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL PROPERTIES MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY CALORIC VALUE OF FOODS CALORIC (ENERGY) REQUIREMENT OF THE HUMAN BODY CALORIC VALUE OF FOOD MEASUREMENT OF CALORIC (COMBUSTION)VALUES THERMAL ANALYSIS THERMOGRAVIMETRY (TG) HEAT FLOW CALORIMETRY ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES CONDUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY SOLID FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN SOLID FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY CAPACITANCE AND INDUCTANCE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES MATERIALS PARAMAGNETISM FERROMAGNETISM DIAMAGNETISM MAGNETIZATION APPLICATIONS FOR MAGNETIC FIELD FORCES MAGNETIC RESONANCE HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR LOW-RESOLUTION NMR ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES ELECTRIC POLARIZATION FREQUENCY DEPENDENCY MICROWAVES CONVERSION OF MICROWAVES INTO HEAT PENETRATION DEPTH OF MICROWAVES MICROWAVE HEATING OF FOOD OPTICAL PROPERTIES REFRACTION BASICS MEASUREMENT OF REFRACTION INDEX APPLICATIONS FOR REFRACTION INDEX COLORIMETRY LIGHT AND COLOR PHYSIOLOGY OF COLOR PERCEPTION COLOR AS A VECTOR QUANTITY COLOR MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS FOR COLOR MEASUREMENT NEAR INFRARED (NIR) MEASURING TECHNIQUES ULTRAVIOLET (UV) FURTHER APPLICATIONS ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES SOUND SPEED OF SOUND LOUDNESS AND VOLUME NOISE ULTRASONIC SOUND RADIOACTIVITY TYPES OF RADIATION RADIOACTIVE DECAY MEASUREMENT OF IONIZING RADIATION (?-, ?-, -) NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY EXPOSURE TO THE HUMAN BODY IRRADIATION OF FOOD AND PACKAGING MATERIAL DETECTION OF FOOD IRRADIATION ON-LINE SENSING CONTROL SYSTEMS – BASICS SENSOR TYPES AND APPLICATIONS SOME SENSORS OF RELEVANCE WEIGHING DENSITY SENSORS METAL DETECTORS FLOW SENSORS REFRACTION SENSORS SENSING PRINCIPLES CHEMOSENSORS AND BIOSENSORS FURTHER READING