THE ADDICTION COUNSELOR'S DESK REFERENCE
CONTENTS PART I: ABUSED SUBSTANCES AND THEIR EFFECTS ABUSED DRUGS OP I AT E S HEROIN PRESCRIPTION OPIATES DE PR E S SA N T S ALCOHOL BARBITURATES/SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS BENZODIAZEPINES SUCH AS DIAZEPAM (VALIUM) ABUSE S T I M U L A N T S COCAINE AMPHETAMINES AND METHAMPHETAMINES CA N NAB I S MARIJUANA AND HASHISH H A L L U C I NO G E N S LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE PSILOCYBIN, PEYOTE, AND MESCALINE I N H A L A N T S S T E RO I D S ( A NAB O L I C - A N DRO G E N I C ) DE S I G N E R DRU G S 3,4-METHYLENDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) KETAMINE GAMMA HYDROXYBUTYRATE (GHB) ROHYPNOL CONTROL SCHEDULES FOR ABUSED DRUGS PR E S C R I B I N G DRU G S T H E F I V E C O N T RO L S C H E DU L E S C O N T RO L L E D S U B S TA N C E A NA LO G U E S G OV E R N M E N T DE C I S I O N M A K I N G PART II: CONCEPTUAL TOOLS DEFINITIONS OF ADDICTION MOR A L MO DE L S E L F - M E DI CAT I O N MO DE L M E DI CA L / DI S E A S E MO DE L S P I R I T UA L I T Y MO DE L I M PU L S E - C O N T RO L DI S OR DE R R E WA R D DE F I C I E N C Y A N D N E U ROP H Y S I O LO G I CA L A DA P T I O N G E N E T I C MO DE L B I OM E DI CA L MO DE L S O C I A L L E A R N I N G MO DE L E R RO N E O U S T H O U G H T PAT T E R N S B I OP S YC H O S O C I A L MO DE L PU B L I C H E A LT H MO DE L CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTION C OM PU L S I V E U S E LO S S O F C O N T RO L C O N T I N U E D U S E DE S P I T E A DV E R S E C O N S E Q U E N C E S T O L E R A N C E W I T H DR AWA L TYPES OF ADDICTIVE DISORDERS T H E B R A I N A N D P S YC H OAC T I V E DRU G S T H E B R A I N A N D A DDI C T I V E B E H AV I OR S A DDI C T I V E I N T E R AC T I O N DI S OR DE R DRUG-USE STAGES I N I T I AT I O N E S CA L AT I O N M A I N T E NA N C E DI S C O N T I N UAT I O N A N D R E L A P S E R E C OV E RY EARLY STAGE RECOVERY MIDDLE STAGE RECOVERY LATE STATE RECOVERY LEVELS OF DRUG USE T Y PE 1 — AB S TA I N E R S T Y PE 2 — S O C I A L U S E R S T Y PE 3 — DRU G AB U S E R S T Y PE 4 — P H Y S I CA L LY B U T NO T P S YC H O LO G I CA L LY DE PE N DE N T U S E R S T Y PE 5 — P H Y S I CA L LY A N D P S YC H O LO G I CA L LY DE PE N DE N T U S E R S STAGES OF BEHAVIORAL CHANGE S TAG E 1 — PR E C O N T E M P L AT I O N S TAG E 2 — C O N T E M P L AT I O N S TAG E 3 — PR E PA R AT I O N S TAG E 4 — AC T I O N S TAG E 5 — M A I N T E NA N C E A N D R E L A P S E PR E V E N T I O N S TAG E 6 — T E R M I NAT I O N PREVENTION TYPES AND PRINCIPLES T H E T R A DI T I O NA L C L A S S I F I CAT I O N PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION T H E I N S T I T U T E O F M E DI C I N E C L A S S I F I CAT I O N UNIVERSAL PREVENTION SELECTIVE PREVENTION INDICATED PREVENTION PR E V E N T I O N PR I N C I P L E S R E L A P S E PR E V E N T I O N MARLATT AND GORDON’S RELAPSE PREVENTION MODEL GORSKI’S CENAPS RELAPSE MODEL PART III: TREATMENT PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT RESOURCES TREATMENT PLANNING C OM PE T E N C I E S A N D G OA L S S C R E E N I N G A N D A S S E S S M E N T DI AG NO S T I C S U M M A RY T R E AT M E N T C L I E N T P L AC E M E N T C R I T E R I A W R I T I N G A T R E AT M E N T P L A N SA M P L E T R E AT M E N T P L A N L E V E L S O F CA R E LEVEL 0 5: EARLY INTERVENTIONS LEVEL I: OUTPATIENT TREATMENT LEVEL II: INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT/PARTIAL HOSPITALIZATION LEVEL III: RESIDENTIAL/INPATIENT SERVICES LEVEL IV: MEDICALLY MANAGED INTENSIVE INPATIENT TREATMENT ASSESSMENT RESOURCES A L C O H O L A S S E S S M E N T I N S T RU M E N T S ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT SCALE (AAIS) ADOLESCENT DRINKING INDEX (ADI) ALCADD TEST REVISED (AT) ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE SELF-EFFICACY SCALE (AASES) ALCOHOL CLINICAL INDEX (ACI) ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SCALE (ADS) ALCOHOL EFFECTS QUESTIONNAIRE (AEQ) ADOLESCENT EXPECTANCY QUESTIONNAIRE (AEQ-A) ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IDENTIFICATION TEST (AUDIT) ALCOHOL USE INVENTORY (AUI) CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE DRINKING REFUSAL SELF-EFFICACY QUESTIONNAIRE (DRSEQ) DRINKING RELATED LOCUS OF CONTROL SCALE (DRIE) DRINKING RESTRAINT SCALE (DRS) DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, TEXT REVISION (DSM-IV-TR) FAST SCREENING F-SMAST/M-SMAST INVENTORY OF DRINKING SITUATIONS (IDS) MAST-G (GERIATRIC VERSION) SEMI-STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT FOR THE GENETICS OF ALCOHOLISM (SSAGA-II) SITUATIONAL CONFIDENCE QUESTIONNAIRE (SCQ) MICHIGAN ALCOHOL SCREENING TEST (MAST) YALE-BROWN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SCALE (YBOCS) O T H E R DRU G A S S E S S M E N T S ADDICTION SEVERITY INDEX (ASI) ADOLESCENT DRUG ABUSE DIAGNOSIS (ADAD) ADOLESCENT DRUG INVOLVEMENT SCALE (ADIS) ADOLESCENT PROBLEM SEVERITY INDEX (APSI) AMERICAN DRUG AND ALCOHOL SURVEY (ADAS) DRUG AND ALCOHOL PROBLEM QUICK SCREEN (DAPQS) CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY ASSESSMENT PROFILE (CDAP) DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND GAMBLING SCREEN (DAGS) DRUG ABUSE SCREENING TOOL (DAST) DRUG USE SCREENING INVENTORY (DUSI) SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROBLEM CHECKLIST SUBSTANCE ABUSE SUBTLE SCREENING INVENTORY-3 (SASSI-3) SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS DIAGNOSTIC SCHEDULE (SUDDS) TEEN-ADDICTION SEVERITY INDEX (T-ASI) NO N C H E M I CA L A DDI C T I O N S GAMBLING ATTITUDES SCALE (GAS) GLOBAL APPRAISAL OF INDIVIDUAL NEEDS (GAIN) INTERNET ADDICTION TEST ONLINE COGNITION SCALE (OCS) SEXUAL ADDICTION SCREENING TEST (SAST) SOUTH OAKS GAMBLING SCREEN (SOGS) EATING ATTITUDES TEST (EAT-26) WORK ADDICTION RISK TEST (WART) M E N TA L H E A LT H ( DUA L DI AG NO S I S ) A S S E S S M E N T S ADULT SUICIDAL IDEATION QUESTIONNAIRE (ASIQ) BECK HOPELESSNESS SCALE (BHS) BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY (BDI) CHILDREN’S DEPRESSION SCALE (CDS) DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS (DAPS) MILLON CLINICAL MULTIAXIAL INVENTORY-II (MCMI-II) MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-ADOLESCENT (MMPI-A) MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2 (MMPI-2) MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANXIETY QUESTIONNAIRE (MAQ) NOVACO ANGER INVENTORY-SHORT FORM OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE INVENTORY (OCI) PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH INTERVENTION FOR SUBSTANCE AND MENTAL DISORDERS (PRISM) PSYCHOPATHY CHECKLIST (PCL-R) TRAUMA SYMPTOM INVENTORY (TSI) R E C OV E RY P O T E N T I A L A S S E S S M E N T S ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS 20 QUESTIONS ALCOHOL TIMELINE FOLLOWBACK (TLFB) AWARE QUESTIONNAIRE (ADVANCE WARNING OF RELAPSE-REVISED) STRUCTURED ADDICTIONS ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW FOR SELECTING TREATMENT (ASIST) BECK CODEPENDENCE ASSESSMENT SCALE (BCAS) BROWN-PETERSON RECOVERY PROGRESS INVENTORY (BPRPI) CIRCUMSTANCES, MOTIVATION, AND READINESS SCALES (CMR SCALES) CLINICAL INSTITUTE WITHDRAWAL ASSESSMENT (CIWA) COMPREHENSIVE DRINKER PROFILE (CDP) COMPUTERIZED LIFESTYLE ASSESSMENT (CLA) COPING RESPONSES INVENTORY (CRI) DRINKING SELF-MONITORING LOG (DSML) FOLLOW-UP DRINKER PROFILE (FDP) INDIVIDUAL ASSESSMENT PROFILE (IAP) LIFE SATISFACTION SCALE (LSS) RECOVERY ATTITUDE AND TREATMENT EVALUATOR QUESTIONNAIRE (RAATE) STAGES OF CHANGE READINESS AND TREATMENT EAGERNESS SCALE (SOCRATES) STEPS QUESTIONNAIRE READINESS TO CHANGE QUESTIONNAIRE (RTCQ) M U LT I P L E M E A S U R E S R E S O U RC E S DUAL DIAGNOSES: PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS WITH ADDICTION T H E DI AG NO S T I C A N D S TAT I S T I CA L M A N UA L ( DS M - I V- T R ) P S YC H I AT R I C DI AG NO S T I C CAT E G OR I E S PSYCHOTIC THOUGHT DISORDERS MOOD DISORDERS DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE EATING DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS COGNITIVE DISORDERS SUBSTANCE-INDUCED DISORDERS PART IV: CLINICAL SKILLS AND RESOURCES CLINICAL MODELS S I G M U N D F R E U D ’ S P S YC H OA NA LY T I C T H E R A PY THERAPEUTIC APPROACH CA R L G J U N G ’ S A NA LY T I C P S YC H OA NA LY S I S A L F R E D A D L E R ’ S I N DI V I DUA L P S YC H O LO G Y CA R L RO G E R S ’ S PE R S O N - C E N T E R E D T H E R A PY F R I T Z PE R L S ’ S G E S TA LT T H E R A PY I RV I N YA LOM ’ S E X I S T E N T I A L P S YC H O T H E R A PY V I K T OR F R A N K L’ S LO G O T H E R A PY A L B E R T E L L I S ’ S R AT I O NA L - E MO T I V E B E H AV I OR T H E R A PY W I L L I A M G L A S S E R ’ S C H O I C E T H E ORY A N D R E A L I T Y T H E R A PY A A RO N B E C K ’ S C O G N I T I V E B E H AV I OR A L T H E R A PY E R I C B E R N E ’ S T R A N SAC T I O NA L A NA LY S I S O T H E R B E H AV I OR A L A P PROAC H E S COUNSELING TECHNIQUES CLINICAL MICROSKILLS CLIENT HOMEWORK EXERCISES CLIENT HEALTH AND STRESS MANAGEMENT N U T R I T I O NA L C O U N S E L I N G E X E RC I S E C O U N S E L I N G A F F E C T- R E G U L AT I O N C OP I N G S K I L L S C O U N S E L I N G S T R E S S - M A NAG E M E N T T R A I N I N G S H A F F E R C OP I N G MO DE L S OPTION 1: ALTER THE STRESSOR OPTION 2: ADAPT TO THE STRESSOR OPTION 3: AVOID THE STRESSOR C OM MO N S T Y L E S O F N E G AT I V E S E L F - TA L K R E W R I T I N G O L D B E L I E F S R E W R I T I N G I R R AT I O NA L B E L I E F S PART V: TREATMENT RESOURCES ADDICTION RECOVERY TOOLS MO T I VAT I O NA L T O O L S MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTION MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING M E DI CA L A N D P H A R M AC E U T I CA L T O O L S DETOXIFICATION MEDICATIONS DISEASE ORIENTATION DRUG TESTING C O G N I T I V E - B E H AV I OR A L T O O L S CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT CUE EXPOSURE AFFECT-REGULATION COPING SKILLS TRAINING RECOVERY CONTRACTS P S YC H O S O C I A L T O O L S FAMILY STRENGTHENING GROUP THERAPY PEER SUPPORT LIFESTYLE PLANNING AND MONITORING H O L I S T I C T O O L S ACUPUNCTURE SPIRITUALITY ENHANCEMENT MEDITATION NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING ADDICTION RECOVERY PROGRAMS R E S I DE N T I A L A N D O U T PAT I E N T T R E AT M E N T PRO G R A M S THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES SHORT-TERM RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT TREATMENT FACILITIES DIRECTORIES OUTPATIENT PROGRAMS S U P P OR T G RO U P S 12-STEP SUPPORT GROUPS 12-STEP ALTERNATIVES R E C OV E RY PRO G R A M S F OR S E L E C T E D P OPU L AT I O N S WOMEN ADOLESCENTS FAMILY MEMBERS DUAL DIAGNOSIS CLIENTS HIV/AIDS-AFF LICTED PERSONS GAYS AND LESBIANS HARM REDUCTION PROGRAMS C H A R AC T E R I S T I C S O F H A R M R E DU C T I O N PRO G R A M S H A R M R E DU C T I O N G OA L S H A R M R E DU C T I O N T E C H N I Q U E S NEEDLE EXCHANGE DRUG SUBSTITUTION THERAPIES CONTROLLED DRINKING SKILLS TRAINING COMPUTERIZED INTERVENTIONS CONDOM DISTRIBUTION BLEACH KITS O T H E R H A R M R E DU C T I O N T E C H N I Q U E S PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS SUBSTANCE USE MANAGEMENT PART VI: PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT RECORD KEEPING CRISIS MANAGEMENT C R I S I S T Y PE S C R I S I S R E AC T I O N S C R I S I S M A NAG E M E N T G OA L S C R I S I S I N T E RV E N T I O N PR I N C I P L E S C R I S I S M A NAG E M E N T S T E P S C H RO N I CA L LY R E L A P S I N G C L I E N T S DIFFICULT CLIENTS SA F E T Y I S S U E S W H E N T H R E AT S O C C U R C L I E N T S W I T H W E A P O N S C L I E N T S W H O A P PE A R DA N G E RO U S T O S E L F S U I C I DE PR E V E N T I O N C R I T I CA L I N C I DE N T S T R E S S DE B R I E F I N G LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES U N I V E R SA L PRO F E S S I O NA L VA L U E S E T H I CA L C O DE S E T H I CA L DE C I S I O N M A K I N G C O N F I DE N T I A L I T Y I N F OR M E D C O N S E N T DUA L R E L AT I O N S H I P S DU T Y T O WA R N R E F E R R A L O B L I G AT I O N R I G H T S O F M I NOR S M A L PR AC T I C E E T H I CA L DI L E M M A S PART VII: CAREER ENHANCEMENT RESOURCES EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES BA S I C K NOW L E D G E , S K I L L S , A N D AT T I T U DE S E X PE C T E D O F A DDI C T I O N C O U N S E LOR S ADDICTION COUNSELOR COMPETENCIES STATE-MANDATED TRAINING IN ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS S E L E C T I N G A T R A I N I N G PRO G R A M JUNIOR COLLEGE TRAINING GRADUATE TRAINING PROGRAMS C E R T I F I CAT I O N A N D L I C E N S I N G STATE LICENSING STATE CERTIFICATION NATIONAL CERTIFYING STANDARDS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS INTERNATIONAL CERTIFYING AGENCIES PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS U S ARMED SERVICES CERTIFYING BOARDS STATE-SPECIFIC CREDENTIALING ORGANIZATIONS CERTIFYING AGENCIES SPECIFIC TO GAMING STUDYING FOR CERTIFYING EXAMS C O N T I N U I N G E DU CAT I O N CEU REQUIREMENTS CEU PROVIDERS SELECTING QUALITY CEU PROGRAMS BUSINESS PLAN S E T T I N G F E E S DI S C U S S I N G F E E S H OM E - BA S E D PR AC T I C E S R E F E R R A L S M U LT I DI S C I P L I NA RY T E A M S WELLNESS PLAN B U R NO U T AVO I DI N G B U R NO U T MALPRACTICE INSURANCE PART VIII: INFORMATION RESOURCES NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS F E DE R A L S U B S TA N C E AB U S E AG E N C I E S R E G I O NA L S U B S TA N C E AB U S E AG E N C I E S S TAT E S U B S TA N C E AB U S E AG E N C I E S STATE GAMING COUNCILS E DU CAT I O NA L A N D T R A I N I N G I N S T I T U T I O N S PRO F E S S I O NA L A DDI C T I O N - R E L AT E D ORG A N I Z AT I O N S CA NA DI A N AG E N C I E S I N T E R NAT I O NA L S U B S TA N C E AB U S E ORG A N I Z AT I O N S G R A S S RO O T S A L C O H O L A N D O T H E R DRU G S I N F OR M AT I O N GRANT-FUNDING RESOURCES F E DE R A L G R A N T I N G AG E N C I E S I N T E R NAT I O NA L G R A N T I N G AG E N C I E S PR I VAT E G R A N T I N G AG E N C I E S O T H E R F U N DI N G DATABA S E S PUBLISHING RESOURCES ACA DE M I C A N D PRO F E S S I O NA L J O U R NA L S GENERAL—COVERING ALL ADDICTIONS GAMBLING NICOTINE SEX A DDI C T I O N M AG A Z I N E S A N D W E B S I T E S A DDI C T I O N N E W S L E T T E R S A N D W E B S I T E S DRUG POLICY ADVOCATES T H E DRU G P O L I C Y A L L I A N C E NAT I O NA L ORG A N I Z AT I O N F OR T H E R E F OR M O F M A R I J UA NA L AW S H A R M R E DU C T I O N C OA L I T I O N L AW E N F ORC E M E N T AG A I N S T PRO H I B I T I O N M U LT I DI S C I P L I NA RY A S S O C I AT I O N F OR P S YC H E DE L I C S T U DI E S R E L I G I O U S L E A DE R S F OR A MOR E J U S T A N D C OM PA S S I O NAT E DRU G P O L I C Y E DU CAT OR S F OR S E N S I B L E DRU G P O L I C Y CA NA DI A N F O U N DAT I O N F OR DRU G P O L I C Y