TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN PLASMAS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF FUSION PHYSICS THE PLASMA EXHAUST PROBLEM BOUNDARY PHYSICS AT A GLANCE GOALS AND SYNOPSIS REFERENCES PLASMA EQUATIONS FORCES AND DYNAMICS KINETIC DESCRIPTION LIOUVILLE EQUATION AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS BOLTZMANN AND VLASOV EQUATION A BASIC DISCUSSION OF PLASMA COLLISION OPERATORS FROM COLLISIONS TO COLLISION OPERATORS BOLTZMANN’S H-THEOREM, OR A SHORT HISTORY OF IRREVERSIBILITY SIMPLIFYING THINGS: THE BGK OPERATOR FLUID DESCRIPTION DENSITY EQUATION MOMENTUM EQUATION ENERGY EQUATION IMPLICATION OF NON-RELATIVISTIC DYNAMICS CLOSURES, ORDERINGS AND REDUCED MODELS BRAGINSKII EQUATIONS MHD DRIFT-ORDERED EQUATIONS GEOMETRY IN REDUCED 2D SYSTEMS SHEATH PHYSICS THE LANGMUIR (OR DEBYE) SHEATH DEBYE SHIELDING A QUICK REVIEW OF WALL MODELS WALL WITH PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC FIELD OR NON MAGNETISED PLASMA FLUID SHEATH MODEL AND EXISTENCE CONDITIONS PARTICLE FLUXES AND ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA IN THE SHEATH COLLISIONAL PRESHEATH KINETIC TREATMENT OF THE SHEATH BOHM CRITERION FOR PLASMAS WITH MULTIPLE IONS SHEATH ENERGY TRANSMISSION: FORMERLY (AND WRONGLY) KNOWN AS HEAT TRANSMISSION WALL WITH INCLINED MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETIC PRE-SHEATH BOHM CRITERION FOR SHALLOW ANGLES AND MAGNETIC PRE-SHEATH ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND DEPENDENCE ON THE INCIDENCE ANGLE EFFECT OF FLUID DRIFTS VERY SHALLOW ANGLES AND ROLE OF COLLISIONS ATOMIC, MOLECULAR AND PLASMA-SURFACE PHYSICS A FEW USEFUL CONCEPTS AND REACTION TERMINOLOGY BASIC MODEL WITH ATOMIC HYDROGEN ELECTRON-NEUTRALS INTERACTIONS ION-NEUTRAL INTERACTIONS OTHER INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE ELECTRONS, IONS, AND ATOMS MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IMPURITIES PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTIONS RE?ECTION, TRAPPING AND DESORPTION WALL RECYCLING SPUTTERING ELECTRON EMISSION BASIC EXHAUST CONCEPTS MAGNETIC GEOMETRY AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE BOUNDARY PLASMA PROTECTING THE PLASMA FACING STRUCTURES ELEMENTARY ESTIMATES OF SCRAPE-OFF LAYER WIDTH SIMPLE GEOMETRICAL EFFECTS—FLUX EXPANSION AND TILE TILTING POLOIDAL AND TOROIDAL FLUX EXPANSION TARGET TILTING TOTAL FLUX EXPANSION AND MAGNETIC PROJECTION OF THE AREAS FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOMETRICAL EFFECTS DIVERTOR REGIMES: THE TWO POINT MODEL DERIVATION OF THE TWO POINT MODEL GENERAL SOLUTIONS OF THE TWO POINT MODEL COLLISIONALITY AND ITS ROLE IN THE TWO POINT MODEL APPLICATIONS OF THE TWO POINT MODEL: DIVERTOR REGIMES EXTENDED TWO POINT MODEL FLUX FORMULATION AND PARALLEL PRO?LES IN THE BOUNDARY PLASMA NEUTRALS AND PARTICLE SOURCES PARTICLE FLUX ENERGY FLUX AND TEMPERATURE PRO?LE TARGET CONDITIONS UPSTREAM CONDITIONS MACH NUMBER, VELOCITY AND DENSITY PRO?LES ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIVERTOR ASYMMETRY IN LOW TO INTERMEDIATE COLLISIONALITY RADIATION AND DETACHMENT PLASMA/NEUTRAL PROCESSES AT LARGE COLLISIONALITY AND LOW TEMPERATURE MODEL EQUATIONS FOR HIGH COLLISIONALITY COLD PLASMAS A CLOSER LOOK AT THE ENERGY TRANSFER MECHANISMS IN A COLD PURE PLASMAS IMPURITY RADIATION AND ASSOCIATED MODELS DIVERTOR ASYMMETRY AT HIGH COLLISIONALITY OR RADIATION DETACHMENT PARTICLE FLUX BALANCE ROUTES TO DETACHMENT: A QUALITATIVE DISCUSSION ROLE OF PRESSURE LOSSES AND RECOMBINATION PARTIAL DETACHMENT AND DETACHMENT ONSET DEEP DETACHMENT: DETACHMENT WINDOW AND STABILITY MARFES AND STABLE X-POINT RADIATION FILAMENTARY TRANSPORT BASIC FILAMENT PHYSICS AND OBSERVATIONS FILAMENT PROPAGATION FILAMENTS AT THE OUTER MIDPLANE FILAMENT GENERATION FILAMENT INTERACTIONS (OR LACK THEREOF) PARALLEL DYNAMICS OF THE UPSTREAM FILAMENTS FILAMENTS AT THE X-POINT RESPONSE OF FILAMENTS TO DIFFERENT SOL CONDITIONS FILAMENTS IN THE DIVERTOR REGION THE NATURE OF BOUNDARY TURBULENCE IMPORTANT STATISTICAL CONCEPTS AND TOOLS RANDOMNESS AND STRUCTURE IN TEMPORAL FLUCTUATIONS DIFFUSION AND SPATIAL FLUCTUATIONS STATISTICAL MODELS OF FILAMENTARY TRANSPORT AND UPSTREAM PRO?LES PRO?LES, BACKGROUND AND FLUCTUATIONS PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE UPSTREAM PRO?LES STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK HEAT FLUXES AT THE DIVERTOR TARGET: WAGNER-EICH FUNCTION CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE DIVERTORS SINGLE NULL DIVERTOR: THE ITER SOLUTION ALTERNATIVE DIVERTOR DESIGNS WHY THEY ARE NEEDED BENE?CIAL FEATURES IN DIVERTOR DESIGN THE X-DIVERTOR THE SUPER-X DIVERTOR DOUBLE NULL DIVERTOR THE SNOW?AKE DIVERTOR AND X-POINT TARGET DIVERTOR LIQUID METALS AS PLASMA FACING COMPONENTS WHAT WILL THE FUTURE BRING?