PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION ENERGY

By SARAH WILSON

1 Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory 1 11 Introduction 1 12 Vector Analysis 2 121 Vector Algebra 2 122 Vector Gradient 8 123 Vector Integration 10 124 Vector Divergence 12 125 Vector Curl 14 126 Vector Differential Operator 14 13 Further Developments 15 14 Electrostatics 19 141 Coulomb’s Law 19 142 The Electric Field 22 143 Gauss’s Law 23 15 Solution of Electrostatic Problems 26 151 Poisson’s Equation 26 152 Laplace’s Equation 27 16 Electrostatic Energy 28 161 Potential Energy of a Group of Point Charges 28 162 Electrostatic Energy of a Charge Distribution 29 163 Forces and Torques 31 17 Maxwell’s Equations 34 18 Debye Length 36 19 Physics of Plasmas 38 110 Fluid Description of Plasma 39 111 MHD 42 References 44 2 Principles of Plasma Physics 45 21 Introduction 45 22 Barrier Penetration 49 23 Calculation of Coulomb Barrier 50 24 Thermonuclear Fusion Reactions 55 25 Rates of Thermonuclear Reactions 58 26 Thermonuclear Fusion Reactions 61 27 Critical Ignition Temperature for Fusion 71 28 Controlled Thermonuclear Ideal Ignition Temperature 74 29 Bremsstrahlung Radiation 77 210 Bremsstrahlung Plasma Radiation Losses 82 211 Bremsstrahlung Emission Rate 84 212 Additional Radiation Losses 89 213 Inverse Bremsstrahlung in Controlled Thermonuclear ICF andMCF 92 References 97 3 Confinement Systems for Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 99 31 Introduction 99 32 Magnetic Confinement 101 321 Summary of the Guiding Center Drift 123 33 How the Tokamak Reactors Works 124 34 Intertial Confinement 131 References 140