FUNDAMENTALS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 BASIC CONCEPTS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS NUCLEONS AND LEPTONS GENERAL PROPERTIES OF NUCLEI NUCLEAR RADII BINDING ENERGIES MASS UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS QUANTUM STATES OF NUCLEI NUCLEAR FORCES AND INTERACTIONS THE DEUTERON THE YUKAWA POTENTIAL AND ITS GENERALIZATIONS ORIGIN OF THE YUKAWA POTENTIAL FROM FORCES TO INTERACTIONS NUCLEAR REACTIONS AND DECAYS CONSERVATION LAWS ENERGY-MOMENTUM CONSERVATION ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND PARITY (NON)CONSERVATION ADDITIVE QUANTUM NUMBERS QUANTUM THEORY OF CONSERVATION LAWS CHARGE INDEPENDENCE AND ISOSPIN ISOSPIN SPACE ONE-PARTICLE STATES THE GENERALIZED PAULI PRINCIPLE TWO-NUCLEON SYSTEM ORIGIN OF ISOSPIN SYMMETRY; N-P MASS DI?ERENCE DEFORMED NUCLEI BIBLIOGRAPHY EXERCISES 2 NUCLEAR MODELS AND STABILITY MEAN POTENTIAL MODEL THE LIQUID-DROP MODEL THE BETHE–WEIZS¨ACKER MASS FORMULA THE FERMI GAS MODEL VOLUME AND SURFACE ENERGIES THE ASYMMETRY ENERGY THE SHELL MODEL AND MAGIC NUMBERS THE SHELL MODEL AND THE SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION SOME CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR SHELL STRUCTURE ?-INSTABILITY ?-INSTABILITY NUCLEON EMISSION THE PRODUCTION OF SUPER-HEAVY ELEMENTS 3 NUCLEAR REACTIONS CROSS-SECTIONS GENERALITIES DI?ERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS INELASTIC AND TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS THE USES OF CROSS-SECTIONS GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSS-SECTIONS CLASSICAL SCATTERING ON A ?XED POTENTIAL CLASSICAL CROSS-SECTIONS EXAMPLES QUANTUM MECHANICAL SCATTERING ON A ?XED POTENTIAL ASYMPTOTIC STATES AND THEIR NORMALIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS IN QUANTUM PERTURBATION THEORY ELASTIC SCATTERING QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING SCATTERING OF QUANTUM WAVE PACKETS PARTICLE–PARTICLE SCATTERING SCATTERING OF TWO FREE PARTICLES SCATTERING OF A FREE PARTICLE ON A BOUND PARTICLE SCATTERING ON A CHARGE DISTRIBUTION ELECTRON–NUCLEUS SCATTERING ELECTRON–NUCLEON SCATTERING RESONANCES NUCLEON–NUCLEUS AND NUCLEON–NUCLEON SCATTERING ABSORPTION COHERENT SCATTERING AND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX 4 NUCLEAR DECAYS AND FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS DECAY RATES, GENERALITIES NATURAL WIDTH, BRANCHING RATIOS MEASUREMENT OF DECAY RATES CALCULATION OF DECAY RATES PHASE SPACE AND TWO-BODY DECAYS DETAILED BALANCE AND THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM RADIATIVE DECAYS ELECTRIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS HIGHER MULTI-POLE TRANSITIONS INTERNAL CONVERSION WEAK INTERACTIONS NEUTRON DECAY ?-DECAY OF NUCLEI ELECTRON-CAPTURE NEUTRINO MASS AND HELICITY NEUTRINO DETECTION MUON DECAY FAMILIES OF QUARKS AND LEPTONS NEUTRINO MIXING AND WEAK INTERACTIONS QUARKS QUARK MIXING AND WEAK INTERACTIONS ELECTRO-WEAK UNI?CATION 5 RADIOACTIVITY AND ALL THAT SOURCES OF RADIOACTIVITY FOSSIL RADIOACTIVITY COSMOGENIC RADIOACTIVITY ARTI?CIAL RADIOACTIVITY PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES PARTICLE IDENTI?CATION ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS PHOTONS NEUTRONS RADIATION DOSIMETRY APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION MEDICAL APPLICATIONS NUCLEAR DATING OTHER USES OF RADIOACTIVITY 6 FISSION NUCLEAR ENERGY FISSION PRODUCTS FISSION MECHANISM, ?SSION BARRIER FISSILE MATERIALS AND FERTILE MATERIALS CHAIN REACTIONS MODERATORS, NEUTRON THERMALIZATION NEUTRON TRANSPORT IN MATTER THE TRANSPORT EQUATION IN A SIMPLE UNIFORM SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC MEDIUM THE LORENTZ EQUATION DIVERGENCE, CRITICAL MASS NUCLEAR REACTORS THERMAL REACTORS FAST NEUTRON REACTORS ACCELERATOR-COUPLED SUB-CRITICAL REACTORS TREATMENT AND RE-TREATMENT OF NUCLEAR FUEL THE OKLO PREHISTORIC NUCLEAR REACTOR 6 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 7 FUSION FUSION REACTIONS THE COULOMB BARRIER REACTION RATE IN A MEDIUM RESONANT REACTION RATES REACTOR PERFORMANCE CRITERIA MAGNETIC CON?NEMENT INERTIAL CON?NEMENT BY LASERS 8 NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS STELLAR STRUCTURE CLASSICAL STARS DEGENERATE STARS NUCLEAR BURNING STAGES IN STARS HYDROGEN BURNING HELIUM BURNING ADVANCED NUCLEAR-BURNING STAGES CORE-COLLAPSE STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS SOLAR-SYSTEM ABUNDANCES PRODUCTION OF A < 60 NUCLEI A > 60: THE S-, R- AND P-PROCESSES NUCLEAR ASTRONOMY SOLAR NEUTRINOS SUPERNOVA NEUTRINOS ?-ASTRONOMY 9 NUCLEAR COSMOLOGY THE UNIVERSE TODAY THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE BARYONS COLD DARK MATTER NEUTRINOS THE VACUUM THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE THE SCALE FACTOR A(T) GRAVITATION AND THE FRIEDMANN EQUATION HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE AND THE VACUUM ENERGY REACTION RATES IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE ELECTRONS, POSITRONS AND NEUTRINOS COSMOLOGICAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS WIMPS