ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS

By M. LANAE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FURTHER READING THUMBNAIL SKETCHES EQUATIONS PRELIMINARIES 1 1 ATOMS, NUCLEI AND PARTICLES 1 2 PHOTONS 1 3 ANTIPARTICLES 1 4 MASS AND ENERGY 1 5 EVENTS 1 6 ELECTRON-VOLTS AND OTHER UNITS 1 7 PARTICLE NAMES AND THE GREEK ALPHABET 1 8 SCIENTIFIC NOTATION THE STANDARD MODEL 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND CHARGE 2 3 QUANTUM NUMBERS 2 4 COLOR 2 5 THE ELECTRON-NEUTRINO, ELECTRON NUMBER AND CROSSING 2 6 THE FIRST FAMILY 2 7 FAMILIES AND FORCES 2 8 THE SPIN 1 PARTICLES 2 9 THE SPIN 1 AND 2 PARTICLES 2 10 FORCES AND INTERACTIONS 2 11 CLASSIFICATION OF INTERACTIONS 2 12 ELECTROMAGNETIC, WEAK, STRONG, HIGGS AND GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTIONS 2 13 REPRESENTING INTERACTIONS 2 14 THE ORIGIN OF QUANTUM NUMBERS QUANTUM MECHANICS MIXING 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 THE TWO-SLIT EXPERIMENT 3 3 AMPLITUDE AND PROBABILITY 3 4 CABIBBO AND CKM MIXING 3 5 NEUTRINO MIXING 3 6 PARTICLE MIXING ENERGY, MOMENTUM AND MASS-SHELL 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 CONSERVATION LAWS 4 3 RELATIVITY 4 4 RELATIVISTIC INVARIANCE 4 5 THE RELATION E = MC DETECTION 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT 5 3 BUBBLE CHAMBERS 5 4 SPARK CHAMBERS 5 5 PROPORTIONAL WIRE CHAMBERS ACCELERATORS AND STORAGE RINGS 6 1 ENERGY BUBBLES 6 2 ACCELERATORS 6 3 SECONDARY BEAMS 6 4 THE MACHINE BUILDERS THE CERN NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 7 3 NEUTRINO PHYSICS 7 4 THE FIRST NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTS 7 5 VECTOR BOSONS 7 6 MISSED OPPORTUNITIES 7 7 EPILOGUE THE PARTICLE ZOO 8 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 BOUND STATES 8 3 THE STRUCTURE OF QUARK BOUND STATES 8 4 SPIN OF A BOUND STATE 8 5 MESONS 8 6 BARYONS 8 7 EXOTICS 8 8 DISCOVERING QUARKS 8 9 TRIPLETS VERSUS DOUBLETS AND LEPTON-QUARK SYMMETRY PARTICLE THEORY 9 1 INTRODUCTION 9 2 FEYNMAN RULES 9 3 INFINITIES 9 4 PERTURBATION THEORY 9 5 RENORMALIZABILITY 9 6 WEAK INTERACTIONS 9 7 COMPTON SCATTERING 9 8 NEUTRAL VECTOR BOSONS 9 9 CHARMED QUARKS 9 10 THE HIGGS PARTICLE 9 11 GENERAL HIGGS COUPLINGS 9 12 SPECULATIONS 9 13 ?-PARAMETER FINDING THE HIGGS QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS 11 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 CONFINEMENT 11 3 ASYMPTOTIC FREEDOM 11 4 SCALING EPILOGUE