INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS
CONTENTS PART I DESIGN AND MODELING TRENDS LOW COEF?CIENT ACCURATE NONLINEAR MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER WAVE NONLINEAR TRANSMITTER POWER AMPLI?ER BEHAVIOURAL MODELS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER STRUCTURE LDMOS PA MEASUREMENTS BF MODEL MODI?ED BF MODEL (MBF) – DERIVATION MBF MODELS OF AN LDMOS PA MBF MODEL – ACCURACY AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS MBF MODEL – THE MEMORYLESS PA BEHAVIOURAL MODEL OF CHOICE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES ARTI?CIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN MICROWAVE CAVITY FILTER TUNING ARTI?CIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FILTER TUNING THE INVERSE MODEL OF THE FILTER SEQUENTIAL METHOD PARALLEL METHOD DISCUSSION ON THE ANN’S INPUT DATA PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION – TUNING EXPERIMENTS IN?UENCE OF THE FILTER CHARACTERISTIC DOMAIN ON ALGORITHM EF?CIENCY ROBOTS IN THE MICROWAVE FILTER TUNING CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT WIDEBAND DIRECTIVE ANTENNAS WITH HIGH IMPEDANCE SURFACES HIGH IMPEDANCE SURFACES (HIS) USED AS AN ARTI?CIAL MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR (AMC) FOR ANTENNA APPLICATIONS AMC CHARACTERIZATION ANTENNA OVER AMC: PRINCIPLE AMC’S WIDEBAND ISSUES WIDEBAND DIRECTIVE ANTENNA USING AMC WITH A LUMPED ELEMENT BOW-TIE ANTENNA IN FREE SPACE AMC RE?ECTOR DESIGN PERFORMANCES OF THE BOW-TIE ANTENNA OVER AMC AMC OPTIMIZATION WIDEBAND DIRECTIVE ANTENNA USING A HYBRID AMC PERFORMANCES OF A DIAMOND DIPOLE ANTENNA OVER THE AMC BEAM SPLITTING IDENTI?CATION AND CANCELLATION METHOD PERFORMANCES WITH THE HYBRID AMC CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHARACTERIZATION OF SOFTWARE-DE?NED AND COGNITIVE RADIO FRONT-ENDS FOR MULTIMODE OPERATION MULTIBAND MULTIMODE RECEIVER ARCHITECTURES WIDEBAND NONLINEAR BEHAVIORAL MODELING DETAILS OF THE BPSR ARCHITECTURE PROPOSED WIDEBAND BEHAVIORAL MODEL PARAMETER EXTRACTION PROCEDURE MODEL VALIDATION WITH A QPSK SIGNAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN RESULTS SYMBOL EVALUATION RESULTS IMPACT AND DIGITAL SUPPRESSION OF OSCILLATOR PHASE NOISE IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS PHASE NOISE MODELLING FREE-RUNNING OSCILLATOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOP OSCILLATOR GENERALIZED OSCILLATOR OFDM RADIO LINK MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE UNDER PHASE NOISE EFFECT OF PHASE NOISE IN DIRECT-CONVERSION RECEIVERS EFFECT OF PHASE NOISE AND THE SIGNAL MODEL ON OFDM OFDM LINK SINR ANALYSIS UNDER PHASE NOISE OFDM LINK CAPACITY ANALYSIS UNDER PHASE NOISE DIGITAL PHASE NOISE SUPPRESSION STATE OF THE ART IN PHASE NOISE ESTIMATION AND MITIGATION RECENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHASE NOISE ESTIMATION AND MITIGATION PERFORMANCE OF THE ALGORITHMS A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO COOPERATIVE POSITIONING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS LOCALIZATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS RANGE-FREE METHODS RANGE-BASED METHODS COOPERATIVE VERSUS NONCOOPERATIVE COOPERATIVE POSITIONING CENTRALIZED ALGORITHMS DISTRIBUTED ALGORITHMS RSS-BASED COOPERATIVE POSITIONING MEASUREMENT PHASE LOCATION UPDATE PHASE NODE SELECTION ENERGY CONSUMPTION MODEL NODE SELECTION MECHANISMS JOINT NODE SELECTION AND PATH LOSS EXPONENT ESTIMATION NUMERICAL RESULTS OLPL-NS-LS PERFORMANCE COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SCENARIO MODELLING OF SUBSTRATE NOISE AND MITIGATION SCHEMES FOR UWB SYSTEMS ULTRA WIDEBAND SYSTEMS – DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES SWITCHING NOISE – ORIGIN AND COUPLING MECHANISMS IMPACT EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATE NOISE EXPERIMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION ON A UWB LNA RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ANALYTICAL MODELLING OF SWITCHING NOISE IN LIGHTLY DOPED SUBSTRATE THE GAP MODEL THE STATISTIC MODEL SUBSTRATE NOISE SUPPRESSION AND ISOLATION FOR UWB SYSTEMS ACTIVE SUPPRESSION OF SWITCHING NOISE IN MIXED-SIGNAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SUMMARY PART II APPLICATIONS SHORT-RANGE TRACKING OF MOVING TARGETS BY A HANDHELD UWB RADAR SYSTEM HANDHELD UWB RADAR SYSTEM UWB RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING RAW RADAR DATA PREPROCESSING BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION WEAK SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT TARGET DETECTION TIME-OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION TARGET LOCALIZATION TARGET TRACKING SHORT-RANGE TRACKING ILLUSTRATION ADVANCES IN THE THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GNSS ANTENNA ARRAY RECEIVERS GNSS: SATELLITE-BASED NAVIGATION SYSTEMS CHALLENGES IN THE ACQUISITION AND TRACKING OF GNSS SIGNALS INTERFERENCES MULTIPATH PROPAGATION DESIGN OF ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR GNSS HARDWARE COMPONENTS DESIGN ARRAY SIGNAL PROCESSING IN THE DIGITAL DOMAIN RECEIVER IMPLEMENTATION TRADE-OFFS COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES REQUIRED CLOCK DOMAIN CROSSING IN FPGAS/SYNCHRONIZATION ISSUES PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF EXPERIMENTATION SYSTEMS L1 ARRAY RECEIVER OF CTTC, SPAIN GALANT, A MULTIFREQUENCY GPS/GALILEO ARRAY RECEIVER OF DLR, GERMANY MULTIBAND RF FRONT-ENDS FOR RADAR AND COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS STANDARD APPROACHES FOR RF FRONT-ENDS ACQUISITION OF MULTIBAND SIGNALS THE DIRECT-SAMPLING ARCHITECTURE MINIMUM SUB-NYQUIST SAMPLING MATHEMATICAL APPROACH ACQUISITION OF DUAL-BAND SIGNALS ACQUISITION OF EVENLY SPACED EQUAL-BANDWIDTH MULTIBAND SIGNALS SIMULATION RESULTS SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRICAL CASES VERI?CATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL FRAMEWORK DESIGN OF SIGNAL-INTERFERENCE MULTIBAND BANDPASS FILTERS EVENLY SPACED EQUAL-BANDWIDTH MULTIBAND BANDPASS FILTERS STEPPED-IMPEDANCE LINE ASYMMETRICAL MULTIBAND BANDPASS FILTERS BUILDING AND TESTING OF DIRECT-SAMPLING RF FRONT-ENDS QUAD-BAND BANDPASS FILTER ASYMMETRICAL DUAL-BAND BANDPASS FILTER MM-WAVE BROADBAND WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND ENABLING MMIC TECHNOLOGIES V-BAND STANDARDS AND APPLICATIONS IEEE 802 15 3C STANDARD ECMA-387 STANDARD WIRELESSHD WIGIG STANDARD V-BAND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES SUPER-HETERODYNE ARCHITECTURE DIRECT CONVERSION ARCHITECTURE BITS TO RF AND RF TO BITS RADIO ARCHITECTURES SIGEV-BAND MMIC VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR ACTIVE RECEIVE BALUN ON-CHIP BUTLER MATRIX HIGH GBPSSIGEV-BAND SPST SWITCH DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OUTLOOK RECON?GURABLE RF CIRCUITS AND RF-MEMS RECON?GURABLE RF CIRCUITS – TRANSISTOR-BASED SOLUTIONS PROGRAMMABLE MICROWAVE FUNCTION ARRAYS PROMFA CONCEPT DESIGN EXAMPLE: TUNABLE BAND PASS?LTER DESIGN EXAMPLES: BEAMFORMING NETWORK, LNA AND VCO RECON?GURABLE RF CIRCUITS USING RF-MEMS INTEGRATION OF RF-MEMS AND ACTIVE RF DEVICES MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION OF RF-MEMS IN GAAS/GAN MMIC PROCESSES MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION OF RF-MEMS IN SIGEBICMOS PROCESS DESIGN EXAMPLE: RF-MEMS RECON?GURABLE LNA RF-MEMS-BASED PHASE SHIFTERS FOR ELECTRONIC BEAM STEERING MIOS: MILLIMETER WAVE RADIOMETERS FOR THE SPACE-BASED OBSERVATION OF THE SUN SCIENTI?C BACKGROUND QUIET-SUN SPECTRAL FLUX DENSITY RADIATION MECHANISM IN FLARES OPEN PROBLEMS SOLAR FLARES SPECTRAL FLUX DENSITY SOLAR FLARES PEAK FLUX DISTRIBUTION ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY IONOSPHERIC VARIABILITY 13 10 ANTENNA DESIGN 13 11 ANTENNA NOISE TEMPERATURE 13 12 ANTENNA POINTING AND RADIOMETRIC BACKGROUND 13 13 INSTRUMENT RESOLUTION 13 14 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 13 15 SYSTEM DESIGN 13 16 CALIBRATION CIRCUITRY 13 17 RETRIEVAL EQUATIONS 13 18 PERIODICITY OF THE CALIBRATIONS 13 19 CONCLUSIONS ACTIVE ANTENNAS IN SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE (SIW) TECHNOLOGY SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY PASSIVE SIW CAVITY-BACKED ANTENNAS PASSIVE SIW PATCH CAVITY-BACKED ANTENNA PASSIVE SIW SLOT CAVITY-BACKED ANTENNA SIW CAVITY-BACKED ANTENNA OSCILLATORS SIW CAVITY-BACKED PATCH ANTENNA OSCILLATOR SIW CAVITY-BACKED SLOT ANTENNA OSCILLATOR WITH FREQUENCY TUNING COMPACT SIW PATCH ANTENNA OSCILLATOR WITH FREQUENCY TUNING SIW-BASED COUPLED OSCILLATOR ARRAYS DESIGN OF COUPLED OSCILLATOR SYSTEMS FOR POWER COMBINING COUPLED OSCILLATOR ARRAY WITH BEAM-SCANNING CAPABILITIES ACTIVE WEARABLE ANTENNA MODULES ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF FABRICS AND FLEXIBLE FOAM MATERIALS ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTY CONSIDERATIONS FOR WEARABLE ANTENNA MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO WEARABLE ANTENNA MATERIALS MATRIX-PENCIL TWO-LINE METHOD SMALL-BAND INVERSE PLANAR ANTENNA RESONATOR METHOD ACTIVE ANTENNA MODULES FOR WEARABLE TEXTILE SYSTEMS ACTIVE WEARABLE ANTENNA WITH OPTIMIZED NOISE CHARACTERISTICS SOLAR CELL INTEGRATION WITH WEARABLE TEXTILE ANTENNAS NOVEL WEARABLE SENSORS FOR BODY AREA NETWORK APPLICATIONS BODY AREA NETWORKS POTENTIAL SHEET-SHAPED COMMUNICATION SURFACE CON?GURATIONS WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORK CHAPTER FLOW SUMMARY DESIGN OF A 2-D ARRAY FREE ACCESS MAT COUPLING OF EXTERNAL ANTENNAS 2-D ARRAY PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION BY MEASUREMENT ACCESSIBLE RANGE OF EXTERNAL ANTENNAS ON THE 2-D ARRAY TEXTILE-BASED FREE ACCESS MAT: FLEXIBLE INTERFACE FOR BODY-CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS WEARABLE WAVEGUIDE SUMMARY ON THE PROPOSED WEARABLE WAVEGUIDE PROPOSED WBAN APPLICATION CONCEPT ACKNOWLEDGMENT WIDEBAND ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS ANTENNA CONCEPT WIDEBAND ANTENNAS TRAVELLING WAVE ANTENNAS FREQUENCY INDEPENDENT ANTENNAS SELF-COMPLEMENTARY ANTENNAS APPLICATIONS ULTRA WIDEBAND (UWB) ARRAYS: VIVALDI ANTENNA ARRAYS WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS: STACKED PATCH ANTENNAS ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS ANTENNA TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS PHASE ARRAYS AND SMART ANTENNAS WEARABLE ANTENNAS CAPSULE ANTENNAS FOR MEDICAL MONITORING RF HYPERTHERMIA WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER IMPLANTABLE ANTENNAS CONCLUDING REMARKS