FLUX PINNING IN SUPERCONDUCTORS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SUPERCONDUCTING PHENOMENA KINDS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS LONDON THEORY GINZBURG-LANDAU THEORY MAGNETIC PROPERTIES QUANTIZATION OF MAGNETIC FLUX VICINITY OF LOWER CRITICAL FIELD VICINITY OF UPPER CRITICAL FIELD SURFACE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY JOSEPHSON E?ECT CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY FLUX PINNING E?ECT REFERENCES FUNDAMENTAL ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN SUPERCONDUCTORS EQUATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETISM FLUX FLOW MECHANISM OF HYSTERESIS LOSS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CRITICAL STATE MODEL AND ITS APPLICABLE RANGE IRREVERSIBLE PHENOMENA E?ECT OF DIAMAGNETISM AC LOSSES VARIOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA GEOMETRICAL E?ECT LOSS IN SUPERCONDUCTING WIRE DUE TO AC CURRENT LOSS IN SUPERCONDUCTING WIRE OF ELLIPSOIDAL CROSS SECTION AND THIN STRIP DUE TO AC CURRENT TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC FIELD ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD DYNAMIC PHENOMENA SUPERPOSITION OF AC MAGNETIC FIELD RECTIFYING E?ECT REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION ABNORMAL TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC FIELD E?ECT FLUX JUMP SURFACE IRREVERSIBILITY DC SUSCEPTIBILITY REVERSIBLE FLUX MOTION FLUX CREEP LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC FIELD E?ECT OUTLINE OF LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC FIELD E?ECT FLUX-CUTTING MODEL STABILITY OF THE FORCE-FREE STATE MOTION OF FLUX LINES GENERALIZED CRITICAL STATE MODEL RESISTIVE STATE MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY FOUR TERMINAL METHOD DC MAGNETIZATION METHOD CAMPBELL’S METHOD OTHER AC INDUCTIVE METHODS THIRD HARMONIC ANALYSIS AC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENT FLUX PINNING MECHANISMS ELEMENTARY PINNING AND THE SUMMATION PROBLEM ELEMENTARY PINNING FORCE CONDENSATION ENERGY INTERACTION NORMAL PRECIPITATES GRAIN BOUNDARY ELASTIC INTERACTION MAGNETIC INTERACTION KINETIC ENERGY INTERACTION IMPROVEMENT OF PINNING CHARACTERISTICS FLUX PINNING CHARACTERISTICS ELASTIC MODULI OF FLUX LINE LATTICE SUMMATION PROBLEM STATISTICAL THEORY DYNAMIC THEORY LARKIN-OVCHINNIKOV THEORY COHERENT POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION THEORY COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTS QUALITATIVE COMPARISON QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON PROBLEMS IN SUMMATION THEORIES SATURATION PHENOMENON SATURATION AND NONSATURATION THE KRAMER MODEL MODEL OF EVETTS ET AL COMPARISON BETWEEN MODELS AND EXPERIMENTS AVALANCHING FLOW MODEL PEAK E?ECT AND RELATED PHENOMENA PINNING POTENTIAL ENERGY HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS ANISOTROPY OF SUPERCONDUCTORS PHASE DIAGRAM OF FLUX LINES MELTING TRANSITION VORTEX GLASS-LIQUID TRANSITION ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION PHASE DIAGRAM OF FLUX LINES IN EACH SUPERCONDUCTOR SIZE E?ECT OTHER THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS WEAK LINKS OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES ANISOTROPY DI?ERENCES IN THE SIZE E?ECT DUE TO THE DIMENSIONALITY E-J CURVE JOSEPHSON PLASMA IRREVERSIBILITY FIELD ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF IRREVERSIBILITY FIELD E?ECT OF DISTRIBUTION OF PINNING STRENGTH COMPARISON WITH FLUX CREEP-FLOW MODEL RELATION WITH G-L TRANSITION FLUX PINNING PROPERTIES Y-123 BI-2223 BI-2212 MGB2 SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES WIRES AND BULK MATERIALS THIN FILMS POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FUTURE