AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

By K. ELMAD

CONTENTS THE PARTICLE PHYSICIST’S VIEW OF NATURE INTRODUCTION THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE STANDARD MODEL LEPTONS QUARKS AND SYSTEMS OF QUARKS SPECTROSCOPY OF SYSTEMS OF LIGHT QUARKS MORE QUARKS QUARK COLOUR ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM NUCLEONS PARTICLE ACCELERATORS UNITS LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS ROTATIONS, BOOSTS AND PROPER LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS SCALARS, CONTRAVARIANT AND COVARIANT FOUR-VECTORS FIELDS THE LEVI–CIVITA TENSOR TIME REVERSAL AND SPACE INVERSION THE LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION OF MECHANICS HAMILTON’S PRINCIPLE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS A LORENTZ COVARIANT ?ELD THEORY THE KLEIN–GORDON EQUATION THE ENERGY–MOMENTUM TENSOR COMPLEX SCALAR ?ELDS CLASSICAL ELECTROMAGNETISM MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS A LAGRANGIAN DENSITY FOR ELECTROMAGNETISM GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS SOLUTIONS OF MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS SPACE INVERSION CHARGE CONJUGATION INTRINSIC ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF THE PHOTON THE ENERGY DENSITY OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ?ELD MASSIVE VECTOR ?ELDS THE DIRAC EQUATION AND THE DIRAC ?ELD THE DIRAC EQUATION LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS AND LORENTZ INVARIANCE THE PARITY TRANSFORMATION SPINORS THE MATRICES MAKING THE LAGRANGIAN DENSITY REAL FREE SPACE SOLUTIONS OF THE DIRAC EQUATION A DIRAC PARTICLE AT REST THE INTRINSIC SPIN OF A DIRAC PARTICLE PLANE WAVES AND HELICITY NEGATIVE ENERGY SOLUTIONS THE ENERGY AND MOMENTUM OF THE DIRAC ?ELD DIRAC AND MAJORANA ?ELDS THE E >> M LIMIT, NEUTRINOS ELECTRODYNAMICS PROBABILITY DENSITY AND PROBABILITY CURRENT THE DIRAC EQUATION WITH AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ?ELD GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS AND SYMMETRY THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF A CHARGED SCALAR ?ELD PARTICLES AT LOW ENERGIES AND THE DIRAC MAGNETIC MOMENT QUANTISING ?ELDS: QED BOSON AND FERMION ?ELD QUANTISATION TIME DEPENDENCE PERTURBATION THEORY RENORNMALISATION AND RENORMALISABLE ?ELD THEORIES THE MAGNETIC MOMENT OF THE ELECTRON QUANTISATION IN THE STANDARD MODEL THE WEAK INTERACTION: LOW ENERGY PHENOMENOLOGY NUCLEAR BETA DECAY PION DECAY CONSERVATION OF LEPTON NUMBER MUON DECAY THE INTERACTIONS OF MUON NEUTRINOS WITH ELECTRONS SYMMETRY BREAKING IN MODEL THEORIES GLOBAL SYMMETRY BREAKING AND GOLDSTONE BOSONS LOCAL SYMMETRY BREAKING AND THE HIGGS BOSON MASSIVE GAUGE ?ELDS SU(2) SYMMETRY THE GAUGE ?ELDS BREAKING THE SU(2) SYMMETRY IDENTI?CATION OF THE ?ELDS THE WEINBERG–SALAM ELECTROWEAK THEORY FOR LEPTONS LEPTON DOUBLETS AND THE WEINBERG–SALAM THEORY LEPTON COUPLING TO THE W± LEPTON COUPLING TO THE Z CONSERVATION OF LEPTON NUMBER AND CONSERVATION OF CHARGE CP SYMMETRY MASS TERMS IN L: AN ATTEMPTED GENERALISATION EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE WEINBERG–SALAM THEORY THE SEARCH FOR THE GAUGE BOSONS THE W± BOSONS THE Z BOSON THE NUMBER OF LEPTON FAMILIES THE MEASUREMENT OF PARTIAL WIDTHS LEFT–RIGHT PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY AND LEPTON DECAY ASYMMETRY OF THE Z BOSON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WEAK INTERACTIONS OF QUARKS CONSTRUCTION OF THE LAGRANGIAN DENSITY QUARK MASSES AND THE KOBAYASHI–MASKAWA MIXING MATRIX THE PARAMETERISATION OF THE KM MATRIX CP SYMMETRY AND THE KM MATRIX THE WEAK INTERACTION IN THE LOW ENERGY LIMIT THE HADRONIC DECAYS OF THE Z AND W BOSONS HADRONIC DECAYS OF THE Z ASYMMETRY IN QUARK PRODUCTION HADRONIC DECAYS OF THE W± THE THEORY OF STRONG INTERACTIONS: QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS A LOCAL SU(3) GAUGE THEORY COLOUR GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS ON BARYONS AND MESONS LATTICE QCD AND ASYMPTOTIC FREEDOM THE QUARK–ANTIQUARK INTERACTION AT SHORT DISTANCES THE CONSERVATION OF QUARKS ISOSPIN SYMMETRY CHIRAL SYMMETRY QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS: CALCULATIONS LATTICE QCD AND CON?NEMENT LATTICE QCD AND HADRONS PERTURBATIVE QCD AND DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING PERTURBATIVE QCD AND E+E?COLLIDER PHYSICS THE KOBAYASHI–MASKAWA MATRIX LEPTONIC WEAK DECAYS OF HADRONS |VUD| AND NUCLEAR DECAY MORE LEPTONIC DECAYS CP SYMMETRY VIOLATION IN NEUTRAL KAON DECAYS B MESON DECAYS AND BO, ¯BO MIXING THE CPT THEOREM NEUTRINO MASSES AND MIXING NEUTRINO MASSES THE WEAK CURRENTS NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS THE MSW EFFECT NEUTRINO MASSES AND THE STANDARD MOAEL PARAMETERISATION OF U LEPTON NUMBER CONSERVATION STERILE NEUTRINOS NEUTRINO MASSES AND MIXING: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS K2K CHOOZ KAMLAND ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS SOLAR NEUTRINOS SOLAR MSW EFFECTS FUTURE PROSPECTS MAJORANA NEUTRINOS MAJORANA NEUTRINO ?ELDS MAJORANA LAGRANGIAN DENSITY MAJORANA ?ELD EQUATIONS MAJORANA NEUTRINOS: MIXING AND OSCILLATIONS MAJORANA NEUTRINOS IN THE STANDARD MODEL THE SEESAW MECHANISM ARE NEUTRINOS DIRAC OR MAJORANA? ANOMALIES THE ADLER–BELL–JACKIW ANOMALY CANCELLATION OF ANOMALIES IN ELECTROWEAK CURRENTS LEPTON AND BARYON ANOMALIES GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE TOPOLOGICAL NUMBER THE INSTABILITY OF MATTER, AND MATTER GENESIS EPILOGUE