TOPICS IN RADIATION DOSIMETRY
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS RANDOM VARIABLE CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION AND PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS PARAMETERS OF DISTRIBUTIONS MODE MEDIAN MEAN VARIANCE SKEWNESS KURTOSIS PERCENTILES GEOMETRIC MEAN GEOMETRIC STANDARD DEVIATION STATISTICAL INTERVALS CONFIDENCE INTERVALS CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE MEAN OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE MEAN OF A LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE GEOMETRIC MEAN OF A LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE MEAN OF A NON-NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE STANDARD DEVIATION OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND THE GEOMETRIC STANDARD DEVIATION OF A LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE MEAN AND VARIANCE OF A POISSON DISTRIBUTION CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A PERCENTILE OF NORMAL AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS PARAMETRIC METHOD NONPARAMETRIC (DISTRIBUTION-FREE) METHOD TOLERANCE INTERVALS TYPICAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS MULTIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS ASSIGNING DISTRIBUTIONS DERIVING DISTRIBUTIONS FROM DATA ESTIMATING PARAMETERS OF A DISTRIBUTION CENSORED DATA SUBJECTIVE METHODS SUMMARY OF SECTION 2 CALIBRATION INFLUENCE QUANTITIES (ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ENERGY AND ANGULAR RESPONSE, AND DOSE RATE) READOUT SYSTEM MODEL FOR CONVERTING MEASURED QUANTITY TO READOUT QUANTITATIVE EXAMPLE SUMMARY OF UNCERTAINTY IN SCINTILLATION DETECTOR MEASUREMENTS SOLID-STATE DIODES APPLICATIONS PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION, SENSITIVITY HISTORY OF USE SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY INFLUENCE QUANTITIES SUMMARY OF UNCERTAINTY IN SOLID-STATE DIODE MEASUREMENTS FILM AND THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS USED AS AREA MONITORS QUANTITATIVE EXAMPLES IN SITU GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY SUMMARY OF SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY FOR AREA MONITORS FOR PHOTON AND CHARGED-PARTICLE FIELDS AREA MONITORS FOR NEUTRONS AND MIXED RADIATIONS INTRODUCTION: COMMON ISSUES AND SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY TISSUE-EQUIVALENT PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS INFLUENCE QUANTITIES (ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ENERGY AND ANGULAR RESPONSE, AND DOSE RATE) SUMMARY OF UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENTS WITH HYDROGEN AND HELIUM PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS USED AS AREA MONITORS ACTIVATION DETECTORS PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION SUMMARY OF SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY FOR AREA MONITORS FOR PHOTON AND CHARGED PARTICLE FIELDS PERSONAL MONITORS FOR PHOTONS AND CHARGED PARTICLES FILM DOSIMETERS ENERGY RESPONSE DOSE RESPONSE ANGULAR RESPONSE MATERIAL UNIFORMITY LABORATORY VARIABLES ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HUMAN FACTORS SUMMARY OF SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY FOR FILM DOSIMETERS THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETERS MODEL FOR CONVERTING MEASURED QUANTITY TO DOSE SUMMARY OF MAJOR SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY FOR NTA® FILM THERMOLUMINESCENT NEUTRON DOSIMETER SUMMARY OF MAJOR SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY TRACK-ETCH DETECTORS NEUTRON BUBBLE DETECTORS INTRODUCTION/APPLICATIONS SUMMARY OF SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY FOR PERSONAL MONITORS FOR NEUTRON AND CHARGED-PARTICLE RADIATION EXPOSURE CONVERTING AIR KERMA TO ORGAN ABSORBED DOSE UNCERTAINTY OF NEUTRON DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS NEUTRON SPECTRA UNCERTAINTIES RELATED TO ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS VARIATIONS IN BODY SIZE PHANTOM VARIATIONS AND EFFECTS OF BODY SIZE AND ORIENTATION IN THE RADIATION FIELD QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF UNCERTAINTIES OF PHOTON DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS UNCERTAINTY OF DT / KA FOR PHOTONS RELATIONSHIP OF SELECTED DT / KA VALUES TO BODY MASS AND SHAPE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF SECTION 4 5 METHODS AND EXAMPLES OF PROPAGATING UNCERTAINTY AND ANALYZING SENSITIVITY INTRODUCTION MONTE-CARLO METHODS EXAMPLE OF A MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION SAMPLING DESIGNS CHOOSING THE NUMBER OF SIMULATIONS DISTINGUISHING UNCERTAINTY FROM STOCHASTIC VARIABILITY ANALYTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL APPROXIMATION METHODS MEAN AND VARIANCE DERIVATION OF PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION MATHEMATICAL APPROXIMATION TECHNIQUES MEAN AND VARIANCE OF ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF RANDOM VARIABLES PRODUCT OF RANDOM VARIABLES QUOTIENT OF RANDOM VARIABLES EXAMPLE LINEAR OPERATIONS COMPARISON OF ANALYTICAL VERSUS MONTE-CARLO METHODS: AN EXAMPLE COVARIANCE AND THE ORDER OF OPERATIONS EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 PROPAGATION USING INTERVAL ESTIMATES SUM AND DIFFERENCE PRODUCTS AND QUOTIENTS OTHER FUNCTIONS REPORTED ESTIMATED DOSE SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE ESTIMATED DOSE REPORTED UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES DISCUSSION OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS 3 EXAMPLE 4: UNCERTAINTY IN NEUTRON DOSES FOR A MULTI- SITE LEUKEMIA CASE-CONTROL STUDY EXPOSURE SCENARIO AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS FOR DOSE RECONSTRUCTION ASSUMPTIONS FOR DOSE RECONSTRUCTION IGNORANCE OF TYPE OF MEASUREMENT DEVICE SIGNAL FADE QUALITY ASSURANCE AND REPRODUCIBILITY UNITS DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS NEUTRON SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT NOT REPRESENTING QUANTITY OF INTEREST NONUNIFORM IRRADIATION DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF RADIATION CONTAMINATING GAMMA RADIATION VARIATION IN BODY SIZE MISSING DATA DOSIMETER NOT WORN DATA RECORDING ERRORS DISCUSSION OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS EXAMPLE 5: UNCERTAINTY IN EXTERNAL-DOSE RECONSTRUCTION FOR AN ENERGY EMPLOYEE ENERGY ASSUMPTIONS EXPOSURE GEOMETRY ASSUMPTIONS GEOMETRIC-CORRECTION TIME-FRACTION ASSUMPTIONS