NONLINEAR OPTICS

By JOSHUA BROWN

CHAPTER 1: EXCURSUS ON THE ATOMIC-MOLECULAR THEORY OF SUBSTANCE 11 INTRODUCTION: CORPUSCULAR-WAVE DUALISM 12 POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS 121 THE FIRST POSTULATE 122 THE SECOND POSTULATE 123 THE THIRD POSTULATE 124 THE FOURTH POSTULATE 125 THE FIFTH POSTULATE 13 OPERATOR PROPERTIES OF OBSERVABLE VARIABLES 131 THE FORM OF OPERATORS OF SOME OBSERVABLE VARIABLES 132 PROPERTIES OF OPERATOR EIGENFUNCTIONS OF OBSERVABLE VARIABLES 133 THE CONDITION OF JOINT ACCURATE MEASURABILITY OF TWO VARIABLES 14 ELECTRON STATES OF ATOMS 141 THE TIME-INDEPENDENT SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION 142 STATIONARY STATES OF THE SINGLE-ELECTRON ATOM 143 SPIN OF ELECTRONS AND OTHER PARTICLES 15 MOLECULES 16 VIBRATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL STATES OF MOLECULES 161 THE VIBRATIONAL SPECTRUM 162 THE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM 163 TOTAL ENERGY DIAGRAM OF THE MOLECULE 17 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOLID BODY 18 BAND THEORY OF THE SOLID BODY 19 MOTION OF THE ELECTRON IN AN APPLIED FIELD: THE EFFECTIVE MASS 110 MATRIX FORMULATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS 1101 WAVE FUNCTIONS IN THE MATRIX REPRESENTATION 1102 REPRESENTATION OF OPERATORS AS MATRICES 111 DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE ENSEMBLES BY THE DENSITY MATRIX 1111 THE DENSITY MATRIX 1112 THE DENSITY MATRIX IN THE CASE OF A CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM OF EIGENVALUES 112 THE FERMI-DIRAC AND BOSE-EINSTEIN STATISTICS 1121 THE DENSITY MATRIX IN THE STATE OF THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM 1122 INVISIBILITY OF IDENTICAL PARTICLES AND THE PAULI PRINCIPLE 1123 EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTION OF THE STATE POPULATION 1124 THE EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION FOR TRANSLATIONAL MOTION OF FERMIONS 113 PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2: INTERACTION OF ELECTRIC DIPOLES 21 INTRODUCTION: MULTIPOLE EXPANSION OF RADIATION ENERGY AND MEDIUM INTERACTION 22 EQUATION FOR THE DENSITY MATRIX OF A TWO-LEVEL SYSTEM 23 ELECTRIC DIPOLE TRANSITIONS 24 POLARIZATION AND POPULATION DIFFERENCE FOR ELECTRIC DIPOLE INTERACTIONS 25 LINEAR INTERACTION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD WITH A SUBSTANCE 26 THE SPECTRAL ABSORPTION LINE SHAPE 27 KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS 28 ANISOTROPY OF THE MEDIUM 29 INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL SYMMETRY ON THE VIEW OF MATERIAL TENSORS 210 CRYSTAL SYMMETRY 211 THE FORM OF THE LINEAR DIELECTRIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TENSOR 212 THE SATURATION EFFECT 213 PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3: MAGNETIC DIPOLE INTERACTION 31 INTRODUCTION: THE MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENTS OF PARTICLES 32 MAGNETIC DIPOLE TRANSITIONS 33 PAULI MATRICES 34 BLOCH EQUATIONS 35 PARAMAGNETISM 36 FERROMAGNETISM 37 DOMAINS AND THE HYSTERESIS CURVE 38 MAGNETIC RESONANCE 39 ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE 310 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 311 FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE 312 THE FARADAY EFFECT 313 PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4: FIELD INTERACTION WITH ``FREE CHARGES´´ 41 INTRODUCTION: THE INTERZONE AND FUNDAMENTAL ABSORPTION 42 THE KINETIC EQUATION 421 STATISTICS OF NONEQUILIBRIUM STATES 422 THE CLASSICAL APPROACH TO DERIVATION OF THE KINETIC EQUATION 423 THE COLLISION INTEGRAL 43 CURRENT DENSITY AND AVERAGE ENERGY OF CHARGE CARRIERS IN PLASMA 431 EQUATION FOR CURRENT DENSITY 432 EQUATION FOR ELECTRON ENERGY IN PLASMA 44 LINEAR INTERACTION OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD WITH PLASMA 45 CYCLOTRON RESONANCE 46 FUNDAMENTAL ABSORPTION 47 OTHER MECHANISMS OF ABSORPTION 48 THE NONEQUILIBRIUM STATE OF SEMICONDUCTORS 49 PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5: QUANTUM AMPLIFIERS AND GENERATORS 51 INTRODUCTION: POPULATION INVERSION 52 LINEAR AMPLIFICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 53 REGENERATIVE AMPLIFICATION 54 INFLUENCE OF THE SATURATION EFFECT ON QUANTUM AMPLIFIER FEATURES 55 SELF-EXCITATION CONDITIONS AND THE POWER OF CONTINUOUS OSCILLATIONS 56 STEADY-STATE MODE EQUATIONS FOR A QUANTUM GENERATOR 57 EQUATIONS FOR OSCILLATIONS IN THE RESONATOR 58 THE SMALL-OSCILLATION MODE 59 ABBREVIATED EQUATIONS FOR A QUANTUM GENERATOR 510 DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE-MODE QUANTUM GENERATOR 511 THE MULTIMODE REGIME: MODE SYNCHRONIZATION 512 PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6: NONLINEAR INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A SUBSTANCE 61 INTRODUCTION: METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A MEDIUM 62 PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS 63 CLASSIFICATION OF NONLINEAR EFFECTS 64 CUBIC NONLINEAR EFFECTS 65 NONLINEAR ABSORPTION 66 THE KERR OPTICAL EFFECT 67 THE SELF-FOCUSING PHENOMENON 68 OPTICAL BISTABILITY 69 GENERATION OF THE THIRD HARMONIC: MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES 610 PHASE CONJUGATION 611 QUADRATIC NONLINEAR EFFECTS: GENERATION OF THE SECOND HARMONIC 612 THE LINEAR ELECTRO-OPTICAL EFFECT 613 THE ELECTRO-OPTICAL AMPLITUDE MODULATOR 614 COUPLING MODE EQUATIONS 615 PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION: THE PARAMETRIC GENERATOR 616 PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7: SOME TYPES OF QUANTUM GENERATORS AND AMPLIFIERS 71 INTRODUCTION: CLASSIFICATION OF QUANTUM DEVICES 72 GAS QUANTUM GENERATORS AND AMPLIFIERS 721 QUANTUM GENERATORS BASED ON MOLECULAR BEAMS 722 GAS LASERS 73 SOLID-STATE QUANTUM DEVICES 731 QUANTUM PARAMAGNETIC AMPLIFIERS 732 SOLID-STATE LASERS 74 SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS 75 LIQUID LASERS 76 QUANTUM GENERATORS BASED ON FREE ELECTRONS 77 ATOMIC STANDARDS OF FREQUENCY AND TIME APPENDIXES APPENDIX 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS APPENDIX 2: RELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL QUANTITIES´ VALUES IN DIFFERENT UNIT SYSTEMS APPENDIX 3: DESIGNATION OF PLANES AND DIRECTIONS IN A CRYSTAL APPENDIX 4: POINT GROUPS OF SYMMETRY APPENDIX 5: TENSORS OF MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY APPENDIX 6: PROPERTIES OF SOME SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALS APPENDIX 7: TENSORS OF QUADRATIC SUSCEPTIBILITY APPENDIX 8: CUBIC NONLINEARITY IN AN ISOTROPIC MEDIUM INDEX BLANK PAGE