ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION DISCOVERIES IN THE 20TH CENTURY DISCOVERIES OF NEW ELEMENTARY PARTICLES START OF THE SATELLITE ERA OPEN QUESTIONS PROBLEMS THE STANDARD MODEL OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES EXAMPLES OF INTERACTION PROCESSES KINEMATICS AND CROSS SECTIONS THRESHOLD ENERGIES FOUR-VECTORS LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION CROSS SECTIONS PHYSICS OF PARTICLE AND RADIATION DETECTION INTERACTIONS OF ASTROPARTICLES INTERACTION PROCESSES USED FOR PARTICLE DETECTION PRINCIPLES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR CHERENKOV TECHNIQUE SPECIAL ASPECTS OF PHOTON DETECTION CRYOGENIC DETECTION TECHNIQUES PROPAGATION AND INTERACTIONS OF ASTROPARTICLES IN GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC SPACE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF DETECTORS ACCELERATION MECHANISMS CYCLOTRON MECHANISM ACCELERATION BY SUNSPOT PAIRS SHOCK ACCELERATION FERMI MECHANISM PULSARS BINARIES ENERGY SPECTRA OF PRIMARY PARTICLES PRIMARY COSMIC RAYS CHARGED COMPONENT OF PRIMARY COSMIC RAYS NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS SOLAR NEUTRINOS SUPERNOVA NEUTRINOS HIGH-ENERGY GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC NEUTRINOS GAMMA ASTRONOMY INTRODUCTION PRODUCTION MECHANISMS FOR ? RAYS MEASUREMENT OF ? RAYS OBSERVATION OF ? -RAY POINT SOURCES ? BURSTER X-RAY ASTRONOMY PRODUCTION MECHANISMS FOR X RAYS DETECTION OF X RAYS OBSERVATION OF X-RAY SOURCES GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE ASTRONOMY SECONDARY COSMIC RAYS PROPAGATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE COSMIC RAYS AT SEA LEVEL COSMIC RAYS UNDERGROUND EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE HIGHEST-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS COSMOLOGY THE HUBBLE EXPANSION THE ISOTROPIC AND HOMOGENEOUS UNIVERSE THE FRIEDMANN EQUATION FROM NEWTONIAN GRAVITY THE FRIEDMANN EQUATION FROM GENERAL RELATIVITY THE FLUID EQUATION THE ACCELERATION EQUATION NATURE OF SOLUTIONS TO THE FRIEDMANN EQUATION EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE VACUUM ENERGY THE EARLY UNIVERSE THE PLANCK SCALE THERMODYNAMICS OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE ENERGY AND NUMBER DENSITIES THE TOTAL ENERGY DENSITY EQUATIONS OF STATE RELATION BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND SCALE FACTOR SOLVING THE FRIEDMANN EQUATION DIGRESSION ON THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM THERMAL HISTORY OF THE FIRST TEN MICROSECONDS THE BARYON ASYMMETRY OF THE UNIVERSE EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF BARYON ASYMMETRY SIZE OF THE BARYON ASYMMETRY THE SAKHAROV CONDITIONS BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS SOME INGREDIENTS FOR BBN START OF THE BBN ERA THE NEUTRON-TO-PROTON RATIO NEUTRINO DECOUPLING, POSITRON ANNIHILATION, AND NEUTRON DECAY SYNTHESIS OF LIGHT NUCLEI DETAILED BBN CONSTRAINTS ON THE NUMBER OF NEUTRINO FAMILIES THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND PRELUDE: TRANSITION TO A MATTER-DOMINATED UNIVERSE DISCOVERY AND BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE CMB FORMATION OF THE CMB CMB ANISOTROPIES THE MONOPOLE AND DIPOLE TERMS 11 5 1 SMALL-ANGLE ANISOTROPY DETERMINATION OF COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN?ATION THE HORIZON PROBLEM THE FLATNESS PROBLEM THE MONOPOLE PROBLEM HOW IN?ATION WORKS MECHANISMS FOR IN?ATION SOLUTION TO THE FLATNESS PROBLEM SOLUTION TO THE HORIZON PROBLEM SOLUTION TO THE MONOPOLE PROBLEM IN?ATION AND THE GROWTH OF STRUCTURE 12 10 OUTLOOK ON IN?ATION 12 11 PROBLEMS DARK MATTER LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE MOTIVATION FOR DARK MATTER 13 2 1 DARK STARS 13 2 2 NEUTRINOS AS DARK MATTER 13 2 3 WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES (WIMPS) 13 2 4 AXIONS 13 2 5 THE RÔLE OF THE VACUUM ENERGY DENSITY 13 2 6 GALAXY FORMATION 13 2 7 RESUMÉ ON DARK MATTER ASTROBIOLOGY OUTLOOK GLOSSARY SOLUTIONS