QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

By CHARLOTTE CLARK

CONTENTS PART I THE CLASSICAL WORLD INTRODUCTION THE ORIGINS OF CHEMISTRY STOICHIOMETRY AND ATOMS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDS ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS AND QUANTUM CHEMISTRY REFERENCES CLASSICAL ELECTROMAGNETISM MAXWELL’S THEORY THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THE SCALAR AND VECTOR POTENTIAL ELECTROMAGNETISM AND RELATIVITY CHARGED PARTICLES THE CHARGE--CURRENT DENSITY THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF A CHARGED PARTICLE POLARISATION FIELDS AND CLASSICAL MULTIPOLE MOMENTS FARADAY’S LINES OF FORCE DYNAMICS OF CHARGES AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD LAGRANGIAN MECHANICS LAGRANGIAN ELECTRODYNAMICS THE ENERGY OF THE ELECTRIC POLARISATION FIELD HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS CONSTRAINED HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICS HAMILTONIAN ELECTRODYNAMICS THE GEOMETRY OF CLASSICAL GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS WEYL’S GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE HAMILTONIAN FORMALISM THE HAMILTONIAN EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR ELECTRODYNAMICS A PARTICULAR INTEGRAL MASS RENORMALISATION THE POINT CHARGE MODEL THE EXTENDED CHARGE MODEL CLASSICAL HAMILTONIAN ELECTRODYNAMICS REVISITED CLASSICAL LAGRANGIAN ELECTRODYNAMICS REVISITED THE CLASSICAL FREE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THE OSCILLATOR VARIABLES POLARISATION ANGULAR MOMENTUM PART II QUANTUM THEORY THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL FORMALISM QUANTISATION FOR PARTICLES THE CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM SYMMETRY IN QUANTUM MECHANICS RELATIVITY TRANSLATIONS AND UNITARY GROUP REPRESENTATIONS IDENTICAL PARTICLES IN QUANTUM MECHANICS QUANTISATION FOR A FIELD QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD PERTURBATION METHODS THE RAYLEIGH–SCHRÖDINGER PERTURBATION THEORY THE RESOLVENT TIME-DEPENDENT PERTURBATION THEORY THE DYSON SERIES AND THE S-MATRIX QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ‘EXTERNAL FIELDS’ RESPONSE THEORY AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TENSOR LINEAR RESPONSE THEORY FINITE TEMPERATURE PERTURBATION THEORY THE PARTITION FUNCTION, Z THERMAL AVERAGES QUANTISATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD REPRESENTATION OF STATES OF THE FIELD THE FOCK SPACE CONSTRUCTION COHERENT STATES COHERENCE OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THE NUMBER AND PHASE REPRESENTATION QUANTISATION OF THE FIELD OPERATORS ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND POLARISATION OTHER FIELD QUANTISATION SCHEMES THE COULOMB HAMILTONIAN FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE COULOMB HAMILTONIAN SPECTRAL PROPERTIES SYMMETRY AND THE COULOMB HAMILTONIAN THE BORN--OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND THE COULOMB HAMILTONIAN PART III NON-RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS THE QUANTISATION OF ELECTRODYNAMICS WAVE MECHANICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS THE QED HAMILTONIAN THE POWER--ZIENAU--WOOLLEY TRANSFORMATION QED AND SYMMETRY THE SEMICLASSICAL RADIATION MODEL QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS AND PERTURBATION THEORY 10 1 INTRODUCTION 10 2 GAUGE-INVARIANT CALCULATION IN ELECTRODYNAMICS 10 2 1 GAUGE INVARIANCE OF THE S-MATRIX 10 2 2 NON-RESONANT SCATTERING AND PERTURBATION THEORY 10 2 3 S-MATRIX THEORY AND LINEWIDTHS 10 2 4 FRIEDRICHS--FANO MODELS 10 2 5 TIME-DEPENDENT PERTURBATION THEORY AND GAUGE INVARIANCE 10 3 DIAGRAMMATIC PERTURBATION THEORY 10 4 ABSORPTION, EMISSION AND SCATTERING – THE BASIC PROCESSES 10 5 BIREFRINGENCE 10 6 LEVEL SHIFTS AND SELF-INTERACTION QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS BEYOND PERTURBATION THEORY 11 1 INTRODUCTION 11 1 1 A COHERENT STATE FORMULATION OF THE PZW REPRESENTATION 11 1 2 THE HEISENBERG EQUATIONS OF MOTION 11 2 NON-PERTURBATIVE IDEAS 11 3 THE SPECTRUM OF THE QED HAMILTONIAN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 12 1 INTRODUCTION 12 2 DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA 12 3 THE ELECTRON DENSITY AND DIFFRACTION EXPERIMENTS 12 3 1 THE DIFFRACTION EXPERIMENT 12 3 2 DIFFRACTION AND QUANTUM THEORY