THEORY OF REFLECTANCE AND EMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SCIENTI?C RATIONALE ABOUT THIS BOOK ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN FREE SPACE PROPAGATION IN A LINEAR NONABSORBING MEDIUM INTERFERENCE POLARIZATION; THE STOKES VECTOR THE ABSORPTION OF LIGHT CLASSICAL DISPERSION THEORY DISPERSION RELATIONS MECHANISMS OF ABSORPTION BAND SHAPE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS SPECTRAL DATABASES SPECULAR RE?ECTION BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY THE FRESNEL EQUATIONS THE KRAMERS–KRONIG RE?ECTIVITY RELATIONS ABSORPTION BANDS IN RE?ECTIVITY CRITERION FOR OPTICAL ?ATNESS SINGLE-PARTICLE SCATTERING: PERFECT SPHERES CONCEPTS AND DE?NITIONS SCATTERING BY A PERFECT, UNIFORM SPHERE: MIE THEORY PROPERTIES OF THE MIE SOLUTION OTHER REGULAR PARTICLES THE EQUIVALENT-SLAB APPROXIMATION COMPUTER PROGRAMS SINGLE-PARTICLE SCATTERING: IRREGULAR PARTICLES EXTENSION OF DE?NITIONS TO NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES EMPIRICAL SCATTERING FUNCTIONS THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES THE GENERALIZED EQUIVALENT-SLAB MODEL COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND DATABASES PROPAGATION IN A NONUNIFORM MEDIUM: THE EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER EFFECTIVE-MEDIUM THEORIES THE TRANSPORT OF RADIATION IN A PARTICULATE MEDIUM RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN A MEDIUM OF ARBITRARY PARTICLE SEPARATION METHODS OF SOLUTION OF RADIATIVE-TRANSFER PROBLEMS THE BIDIRECTIONAL RE?ECTANCE OF A SEMI-IN?NITE MEDIUM RE?ECTANCES GEOMETRY AND NOTATION THE RADIANCE AT A DETECTOR VIEWING A HORIZONTALLY STRATI?ED MEDIUM EMPIRICAL RE?ECTANCE EXPRESSIONS THE DIFFUSIVE RE?ECTANCE THE BIDIRECTIONAL RE?ECTANCE COMPARISON OF THE IMSA MODEL WITH MEASUREMENTS BIDIRECTIONAL RE?ECTANCE OF A MEDIUM OF ARBITRARY ?LLING FACTOR THE OPPOSITION EFFECT THE SHADOW-HIDING OPPOSITION EFFECT (SHOE) THE COHERENT BACKSCATTER OPPOSITION EFFECT (CBOE) COMBINED SHOE, CBOE, AND IMSA MODELS CONTENTS 10 A MISCELLANY OF BIDIRECTIONAL RE?ECTANCES AND RELATED QUANTITIES SOME COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED BIDIRECTIONAL RE?ECTANCE QUANTITIES RECIPROCITY DIFFUSE RE?ECTANCE FROM A MEDIUM WITH A SPECULARLY RE?ECTING SURFACE ORIENTED SCATTERERS: APPLICATIONS TO VEGETATION CANOPIES RE?ECTANCE OF A LAYERED MEDIUM MIXING FORMULAS 11 INTEGRATED RE?ECTANCES AND PLANETARY PHOTOMETRY INTEGRATED RE?ECTANCES PLANETARY PHOTOMETRY 12 PHOTOMETRIC EFFECTS OF LARGE-SCALE ROUGHNESS DERIVATION APPLICATIONS TO PLANETARY PHOTOMETRY SUMMARY OF THE ROUGHNESS CORRECTION MODEL OTHER PLANETARY PHOTOMETRIC MODELS 13 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT SCATTERED BY A PARTICULATE MEDIUM LINEAR POLARIZATION OF PARTICULATE MEDIA THE POSITIVE BRANCH OF POLARIZATION THE NEGATIVE BRANCH OF POLARIZATION SUMMARY 14 RE?ECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENT OF RE?ECTANCES INVERTING THE RE?ECTANCE TO ?ND THE SCATTERING PARAMETERS ABSORPTION BANDS IN RE?ECTANCE THE RE?ECTANCE SPECTRA OF INTIMATE MIXTURES ABSORPTION BANDS IN LAYERED MEDIA RETRIEVING THE ABSORPTION COEF?CIENT FROM THE SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO OTHER METHODOLOGIES 1410 PLANETARY APPLICATIONS CONTENTS 15 THERMAL EMISSION AND EMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY BLACK-BODY THERMAL RADIATION EMISSIVITY KIRCHHOFF’S LAW COMBINED RE?ECTANCE AND EMITTANCE EMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY THE THERMAL SHADOW-HIDING OPPOSITION EFFECT: THERMAL BEAMING 16 SIMULTANEOUS TRANSPORT OF ENERGY BY RADIATION AND THERMAL CONDUCTION EQUATIONS SOME TIME-INDEPENDENT APPLICATIONS OF THE EQUATIONS TIME-DEPENDENT RADIATIVE AND CONDUCTIVE MODELS