PHYSICS OF STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMA

By MARY DAVIS

CONTENTS NONIDEAL PLASMA BASIC CONCEPTS INTERPARTICLE INTERACTIONS CRITERIA OF NONIDEALITY INTERPARTICLE INTERACTIONS COULOMB INTERACTION NONIDEALITY PARAMETER ELECTRON–ATOM AND ION–ATOM INTERACTIONS COMPOUND PARTICLES IN PLASMA THE RANGE OF EXISTENCE OF NONIDEAL PLASMA THE CLASSI?CATION OF STATES TWO–COMPONENT PLASMA METAL PLASMA PLASMA OF HYDROGEN AND INERT GASES PLASMA WITH MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS DUSTY PLASMAS NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS NONIDEAL PLASMA IN NATURE SCIENTI?C AND TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS REFERENCES ELECTRICAL METHODS OF NONIDEAL PLASMA GENERATION PLASMA HEATING IN FURNACES MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OPTICAL ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS DENSITY MEASUREMENTS SOUND VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS ISOBARIC JOULE HEATING ISOBARIC HEATING IN A CAPILLARY EXPLODING WIRE METHOD HIGH–PRESSURE ELECTRIC DISCHARGES DYNAMIC METHODS IN THE PHYSICS OF NONIDEAL PLASMA THE PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMIC GENERATION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF PLASMA DYNAMIC COMPRESSION OF THE CESIUM PLASMA COMPRESSION OF INERT GASES BY POWERFUL SHOCK WAVES ISENTROPIC EXPANSION OF SHOCK–COMPRESSED METALS GENERATION OF SUPERDENSE PLASMA IN SHOCK WAVES NONIDEAL PLASMA GENERATION BY POWERFUL ?UXES OF ENERGY IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WEAKLY IONIZED PLASMAS PARTLY IONIZED PLASMA CLASSICAL LOW–TEMPERATURE PLASMA THREE–COMPONENT ELECTRON–ION–ATOMIC PLASMA SECOND VIRIAL COE?CIENT AND PARTITION FUNCTION OF ATOM ANOMALOUS PROPERTIES OF A METAL PLASMA PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL PLASMA LOWERING OF THE IONIZATION POTENTIAL CHARGED CLUSTERS THERMODYNAMICS OF MULTIPARTICLE CLUSTERS “VAPOR–LIQUID” PHASE TRANSITION AND METALLIZATION LOWERING OF IONIZATION POTENTIAL AND CLUSTER IONS IN WEAKLY NONIDEAL PLASMAS INTERACTION BETWEEN CHARGED PARTICLES AND NEUTRALS MOLECULAR AND CLUSTER IONS IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM IN ALKALI METAL PLASMA DROPLET MODEL OF NONIDEAL PLASMA OF METAL VAPORS ANOMALOUSLY HIGH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY DROPLET MODEL OF NONIDEAL PLASMA IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION OF THE PLASMA COMPOSITION METALLIZATION OF PLASMA MOTT’S TRANSITION QUASI–ATOMIC MODEL PHASE TRANSITION IN METALS THERMODYNAMICS OF PLASMAS WITH DEVELOPED IONIZATION ONE–COMPONENT PLASMA WITH THE NEUTRALIZING CHARGE BACKGROUND MONTE CARLO METHOD RESULTS OF CALCULATION ION–SPHERE AND HARD–SPHERE MODELS FOR OCP WIGNER CRYSTALLIZATION INTEGRAL EQUATIONS POLARIZATION OF COMPENSATING BACKGROUND CHARGE DENSITY WAVES SUM RULES ASYMPTOTIC EXPRESSIONS 5 1 10 OCP ION MIXTURE MULTICOMPONENT PLASMA RESULTS OF THE PERTURBATION THEORY PSEUDOPOTENTIAL MODELS MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS CHOICE OF PSEUDOPOTENTIAL BOUND STATE CONTRIBUTION CON?NED ATOM MODEL QUASICLASSICAL APPROXIMATION DENSITY FUNCTIONAL METHOD QUANTUM MONTE CARLO METHOD COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTS ON PHASE TRANSITIONS IN NONIDEAL PLASMAS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PARTIALLY IONIZED PLASMA ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF IDEAL PARTIALLY IONIZED PLASMA ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WEAKLY IONIZED PLASMA ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF STRONGLY IONIZED PLASMA ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WEAKLY NONIDEAL PLASMA ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NONIDEAL WEAKLY IONIZED PLASMA THE DENSITY OF ELECTRON STATES ELECTRON MOBILITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY THE THERMOELECTRIC COE?CIENT ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FULLY IONIZED PLASMA KINETIC EQUATIONS AND THE RESULTS OF ASYMPTOTIC THEORIES ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT RESULTS THE RESULTS OF CALCULATIONS OF THE COE?CIENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY THE COE?CIENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF A STRONGLY NONIDEAL “COLD PLASMA” ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF HIGH–TEMPERATURE NONIDEAL PLASMA THE ION CORE E?ECT THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF DENSE PLASMA OPTICAL PROPERTIES BASIC RADIATION PROCESSES IN RARE?ED ATOMIC PLASMA THE E?ECT OF WEAK NONIDEALITY: SPECTRAL LINE BROADENING AND SHIFT; PHOTOTONIZATION THRESHOLD SHIFT THE MICRO?ELD DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN NONIDEAL PLASMA THE PRINCIPLE OF SPECTROSCOPIC STABILITY CONTINUOUS SPECTRA OF STRONGLY NONIDEAL PLASMA THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW–TEMPERATURE METAL PLASMA METALLIZATION OF NONIDEAL PLASMAS MULTIPLE SHOCK WAVE COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED DIELECTRICS PLANAR GEOMETRY CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY LIGHT–GAS GUNS MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MODEL OF PRESSURE–INDUCED IONIZATION METALLIZATION OF DIELECTRICS HYDROGEN INERT GASES OXYGEN SULFUR FULLERENE WATER DIELECTRIZATION OF METALS IONIZATION BY PRESSURE 10 NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS 10 1 CON?NEMENT OF NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS 10 1 1 ELECTRONS ON A SURFACE OF LIQUID HE 10 1 2 PENNING TRAP 10 1 3 LINEAR PAUL TRAP 10 1 4 STORAGE RING 10 2 STRONG COUPLING AND WIGNER CRYSTALLIZATION 10 3 MELTING OF MESOSCOPIC CRYSTALS 10 4 COULOMB CLUSTERS 11 DUSTY PLASMAS 11 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 ELEMENTARY PROCESSES IN DUSTY PLASMAS 11 2 1 CHARGING OF DUST PARTICLES IN PLASMAS (THEORY) 11 2 2 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AROUND A DUST PARTICLE 11 2 3 MAIN FORCES ACTING ON DUST PARTICLES IN PLASMAS 11 2 4 INTERACTION BETWEEN DUST PARTICLES IN PLASMAS 11 2 5 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE INTERACTION POTENTIAL 11 2 6 FORMATION AND GROWTH OF DUST PARTICLES 11 3 STRONGLY COUPLED DUSTY PLASMAS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS 11 3 1 THEORETICAL APPROACHES 11 3 2 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PHASE TRANSITIONS IN DUSTY PLASMAS 11 3 3 DUST CLUSTERS IN PLASMAS 11 4 OSCILLATIONS, WAVES, AND INSTABILITIES IN DUSTY PLASMAS 11 4 1 OSCILLATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES IN A SHEATH REGION OF GAS DISCHARGES 11 4 2 LINEAR WAVES AND INSTABILITIES IN WEAKLY COUPLED DUSTY PLASMAS 11 4 3 WAVES IN STRONGLY COUPLED DUSTY PLASMAS 11 4 4 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WAVE PHENOMENA IN DUSTY PLASMAS 11 5 NEW DIRECTIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 11 5 1 INVESTIGATIONS OF DUSTY PLASMAS UNDER MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS 11 5 2 EXTERNAL PERTURBATIONS 11 5 3 DUSTY PLASMA OF STRONGLY ASYMMETRIC PARTICLES 11 5 4 DUSTY PLASMA AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES 11 5 5 POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF DUSTY PLASMAS 11 6 CONCLUSIONS