NOTES AND QUESTIONS IN PHYSICS
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 ? UNITS AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 1 1 INTRODUCTION: UNITS HELP TELL US HOW MUCH 1 2 UNIT CONVERSIONS 1 3 POWER OF 10 CONVERSIONS 1 4 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 1 5 CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY PRACTICE PROBLEMS CHAPTER 2 ? MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE 2 1 INTRODUCTION: DESCRIBING MOTION IN THE WORLD 2 2 MOTION QUANTITIES 2 3 DISPLACEMENT, POSITION, AND COORDINATE SYSTEMS 2 4 AVERAGE AND INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY 2 5 AVERAGE AND INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION 2 6 MOTION ON A LINE WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION 2 7 FREE FALL 2 8 WHAT IF ACCELERATION IS NOT CONSTANT? ? 2 9 CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 ? MOTION IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS 3 1 INTRODUCTION: THREE DIMENSIONS ARE MORE REALISTIC THAN ONE 3 2 DIMENSIONS BEHAVE SEPARATELY 3 3 VECTOR MATH: COMPONENTS AND MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION 3 4 DOING BASIC MATH WITH VECTORS: ADDING VECTORS, MULTIPLICATION BY A SCALAR 3 5 TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONSTANT ACCELERATION PROBLEMS 3 6 PROJECTILE MOTION 3 7 MOTION IN THREE DIMENSIONS 3 8 CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY CHAPTER 4 ? INTRODUCTION TO FORCES 4 1 INTRODUCTION: FORCES CAUSE MOTION 4 2 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW 4 3 NEWTON’S FIRST AND THIRD LAWS 4 4 CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 ? SPECIFIC TYPES OF FORCES, AND FORCE PROBLEMS 5 1 INTRODUCTION: THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORCES 5 2 FREE BODY DIAGRAMS 5 3 WHAT FORCES ARE ON MY OBJECT? 5 4 GRAVITY (NEAR EARTH) 5 5 KINETIC FRICTION 5 6 STATIC FRICTION 5 7 SPRING FORCES 5 8 COMMON FORCE PROBLEMS, TYPE 1: RAMP PROBLEMS 5 9 COMMON FORCE PROBLEMS, TYPE 2: PROBLEMS WITH ELEVATORS 5 10 COMMON FORCE PROBLEMS, TYPE 3: PROBLEMS WITH A ROPE AND PULLEY 5 11 COMMON FORCE PROBLEMS, TYPE 4: COMBINING FORCE AND KINEMATICS PROBLEMS 5 12 CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY SECTION 5 4 (GRAVITY NEAR EARTH) SECTION 5 5 (KINETIC FRICTION) SECTION 5 6 (STATIC FRICTION) SECTION 5 7 (SPRING FORCES) SECTION 5 8 (RAMP PROBLEMS) SECTION 5 9 (PROBLEMS WITH ELEVATORS) SECTION 5 10 (PROBLEMS WITH A ROPE AND A PULLEY) SECTION 5 11 (COMBINING FORCE AND KINEMATICS PROBLEMS) CHAPTER 6 ? ENERGY, AND WORK 6 1 INTRODUCTION: MOTION HAS ENERGY 6 2 WORK BY A CONSTANT FORCE 6 3 WORK DONE BY SPRINGS, WHERE FORCE CHANGES WITH POSITION 6 4 NET WORK 6 5 KINETIC ENERGY 6 6 THE WORK-KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM 6 7 POTENTIAL ENERGY 6 8 MECHANICAL ENERGY 6 9 CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY 6 10 POWER 6 11 CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY (NET WORK) SECTION 6 5 (KINETIC ENERGY) SECTION 6 6 (WORK-KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM) SECTION 6 7 (POTENTIAL ENERGY) SECTION 6 8 (MECHANICAL ENERGY) SECTION 6 9 (CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY) SECTION 6 10 (POWER) CHAPTER 7 ? LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS 7 1 INTRODUCTION: COLLISIONS AND MOMENTUM 7 2 LINEAR MOMENTUM 7 3 LINEAR MOMENTUM PROBLEMS WITHOUT COLLISIONS 7 4 COLLISIONS AND LINEAR MOMENTUM 7 5 COLLISIONS, PROBLEM TYPE 1: PERFECTLY INELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH ONE DIMENSION 7 6 COLLISIONS, PROBLEM TYPE 2: ELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH ONE DIMENSION 7 7 PERFECTLY INELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH TWO DIMENSIONS 7 8 HOW MUCH FORCE HAPPENED? 7 9 EXTRA TOPIC: CENTER OF MASS AND LINEAR MOMENTUM CONSERVATION 7 10 CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY SECTION 7 3 (LINEAR MOMENTUM PROBLEMS WITHOUT COLLISIONS) SECTION 7 5 (PERFECTLY INELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH ONE DIMENSION) SECTION 7 6 (ELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH ONE DIMENSION) SECTION 7 7 (PERFECTLY INELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH TWO DIMENSIONS) SECTION 7 8 (HOW MUCH FORCE HAPPENED) SECTION 7 9 (CENTER OF MASS) CHAPTER 8 ? UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION (MOVING IN A CIRCLE AT CONSTANT SPEED) 8 1 INTRODUCTION: SOMETIMES THINGS MOVE IN A CIRCLE 8 2 CENTRIPETAL AND TANGENTIAL DIRECTIONS 8 3 CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION 8 4 NET FORCE IN THE CENTRIPETAL DIRECTION (ALSO CALLED CENTRIPETAL FORCE) 8 5 CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY SECTION 8 3 (CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION) SECTION 8 4 (NET FORCE IN THE CENTRIPETAL DIRECTION; ALSO CALLED CENTRIPETAL FORCE) CHAPTER 9 ? ROTATION MOTION AND FORCES 9 1 INTRODUCTION: ROTATIONAL MOTION IS LIKE LINEAR MOTION 9 2 UNITS FOR ANGLE: RADIANS AND REVOLUTIONS 9 3 ROTATION EQUIVALENTS OF POSITION, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION 9 4 MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION 9 5 MOMENT OF INERTIA (ROTATION EQUIVALENT OF MASS) 9 6 TORQUE (ROTATION EQUIVALENT OF FORCE) 9 7 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW (ROTATION EQUIVALENT) 9 8 RELATING ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT, ANGULAR VELOCITY, AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION TO LINEAR DISPLACEMENT, LINEAR VELOCITY, AND LINEAR ACCELERATION 9 9 EXTRA TOPIC: TORQUE IS A VECTOR; CALCULATING ITS COMPONENTS 9 10 CHAPTER 9 SUMMARY SECTION 9 2 (UNITS FOR ANGLE) SECTION 9 4 (MOTION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION) SECTION 9 5 (MOMENT OF INERTIA) SECTION 9 6 (TORQUE) SECTION 9 7 (NEWTON’S SECOND LAW) SECTION 9 8 (RELATING ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT, ANGULAR VELOCITY, AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION TO LINEAR DISPLACEMENT, LINEAR VELOCITY, AND LINEAR ACCELERATION) SECTION 9 9 (EXTRA TOPIC: TORQUE VECTOR COMPONENTS) CHAPTER 10 ? ROTATION: ENERGY, MOMENTUM, AND ROLLING 10 1 INTRODUCTION: ENERGY AND MOMENTUM FOR ROTATION 10 2 ROTATION AND KINETIC ENERGY 10 3 ROLLING (WITHOUT SLIPPING) 10 4 ROTATION EQUIVALENT OF WORK 10 5 ROTATION EQUIVALENT OF POWER 10 6 ANGULAR MOMENTUM 10 7 CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM 10 8 CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY SECTION 10 2 (ROTATION AND KINETIC ENERGY) SECTION 10 3 (ROLLING, WITHOUT SLIPPING) SECTION 10 4 (ROTATION AND WORK) SECTION 10 5 (ROTATION AND POWER) SECTION 10 6 (ANGULAR MOMENTUM) SECTION 10 7 (CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND ROTATION COLLISIONS) CHAPTER 11 ? NEWTON’S MORE GENERAL LAW OF GRAVITY 11 1 INTRODUCTION: GRAVITY IS DIFFERENT AWAY FROM THE GROUND 11 2 NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY 11 3 CONNECTING M?G WITH NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY 11 4 POTENTIAL ENERGY FROM GRAVITY USING NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY 11 5 NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY WITH CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY 11 6 NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY WITH CIRCULAR MOTION 11 7 CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY SECTION 11 2 (NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY) SECTION 11 4 (POTENTIAL ENERGY FROM GRAVITY USING NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY) SECTION 11 5 (NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY WITH CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY) SECTION 11 6 (NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITY WITH CIRCULAR MOTION) CHAPTER 12 ? SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 12 1 INTRODUCTION: MOTION REPEATS 12 2 REPETITIVE MOTION QUANTITIES, AND SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION 12 3 POSITION, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION 12 4 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND OBJECTS ON SPRINGS 12 5 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION: SIMPLE PENDULUM 12 6 OBJECT CONNECTED TO A SPRING AND MECHANICAL ENERGY 12 7 CHAPTER 12 SUMMARY SECTIONS 12 2, 12 3, AND 12 4 (REPETITIVE MOTION QUANTITIES; POSITION, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION; SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND OBJECTS ON SPRINGS) SECTION 12 5 (SIMPLE PENDULUM) SECTION 12 6 (OBJECT CONNECTED TO A SPRING AND MECHANICAL ENERGY) CHAPTER 13 ? MATH REVIEW 13 1 INTRODUCTION: PHYSICS USES MATH 13 2 ALGEBRA PROBLEMS – SOLVING FOR A VARIABLE 13 3 EXPONENTIAL NUMBERS 13 4 SOLVING WHEN SOMETHING IS SQUARED, PART 1 13 5 SOLVING WHEN SOMETHING IS SQUARED, PART 2 13 6 TWO EQUATIONS AT ONCE 13 7 TRIGONOMETRY 13 8 CIRCLE GEOMETRY REVIEW 13 9 CHAPTER 13 SUMMARY SECTION 13 2 (ALGEBRA PROBLEMS – SOLVING FOR A VARIABLE) SECTION 13 3 (EXPONENTIAL NUMBERS) ? SECTION 13 4 (SOLVING WHEN SOMETHING IS SQUARED, PART 1) SECTION 13 5 (SOLVING WHEN SOMETHING IS SQUARED, PART 2 – QUADRATIC FORMULA) SECTION 13 6 (TWO EQUATIONS AT ONCE) SECTION 13 7 (TRIGONOMETRY)