INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES
1 An Overview of the Technological and Scientific Achievements of the Terahertz 1 11 Introduction 1 12 Terahertz Terminology 1 13 Terahertz Applications and Opportunities 2 131 Space 2 132 Plasma Fusion Diagnostics 4 133 Spectroscopy 4 134 Industrial 6 135 Communication 7 136 Simulating the Radar Scattering Signatures 7 137 T-Ray Imaging 8 138 Medical 11 139 Physics 12 1310 Chemistry and Biology 14 14 Terahertz Components 16 141 THz Detectors 16 142 THz Sources 40 15 Theoretically Investigation of Terahertz-Pulse Generation and Detection 62 151 THz Pulse Generation and Detection Using Photoconductive Antenna (PC) 63 152 THz Pulse Generation and Detection Using Other Methods 65 153 THz Radiation from Bulk Semiconductor Microcavities 69 16 THz Detectors and Sources with Organic Materials 70 161 Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers 70 162 Organic EO Polymers 71 163 Organic EO Crystals 72 164 Solutions Containing Polar Molecules 78 References 78 2 Terahertz and Infrared Quantum Photodetectors 91 21 Introduction 91 22 Detector Principles 92 221 Noise Affects 93 222 Background Limited IR Performance 95 223 Quantum Cascade Detectors 95 224 Effects of Number of Periods and Doping Density on the Detector Parameters 101 225 Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors 103 23 Terahertz and Infrared Quantum Cascade Detectors 104 231 Dual Color Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Photodetector in a Coupled Quantum Well Structure 107 232 A Dual-Color IR Quantum Cascade Photodetector with Two Output Electrical Signal 110 24 Terahertz Quantum Well Photodetector Based on Two-Photon Absorption 115 25 Quantum Dots THZ-IR Photodetector 120 251 An Overview of Quantum Dot 120 252 An Overview of Quantum Dots Photodetectors 123 253 Ultra-High Detectivity Room Temperature THZ-IR Photodetector Based on Resonant Tunneling Spherical Centered Defect Quantum Dot 134 254 Terahertz Photodetector Based on Intersublevel Optical Absorption in Coupled Quantum Dots 149 26 Terahertz and Infrared Photodetector Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency 152 261 Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Phenomena 152 262 EIT-Based Photodetection 159 263 Terahertz Quantum Cascade Photodetector Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency 178 References 183 3 Terahertz and Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers 191 31 Introduction 191 32 Quantum Cascade Laser Principles 191 321 Radiative and Non-radiative Transitions in Semiconductor Heterostructures 192 322 Resonant Tunneling Transport 196 323 Quantum Cascade Lasers 197 324 Optical Gain 198 325 Threshold Current 199 326 Losses 199 327 Slope Efficiency 200 33 Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers 200 331 Terahertz QCL Structures 201 332 Drude Model 207 333 Terahertz-Waveguide 208 334 Distributed Feedback QCLs 210 34 Analysis of Transport Properties of THz QCLs 212 35 High Power QCLs 215 351 Photonic Crystal DFB QCLs 217 36 Dual-Wavelength Generation Based on Monolithic THz-IR QCL 219 361 Linear Frequency-Doubling in IR QCL 219 362 Dual Color Terahertz QCL 226 References 234