AN INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE ATMOSPHERE AS A PHYSICAL SYSTEM ATMOSPHERIC MODELS TWO SIMPLE ATMOSPHERIC MODELS SOME ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS WEATHER AND CLIMATE FURTHER READING ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS THE IDEAL GAS LAW ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION HYDROSTATIC BALANCE ENTROPY AND POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE PARCEL CONCEPTS THE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY MOISTURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE THE SATURATED ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE THE TEPHIGRAM CLOUD FORMATION PROBLEMS ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION BASIC PHYSICAL CONCEPTS THE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER EQUATION BASIC SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULES TRANSMITTANCE ABSORPTION BY ATMOSPHERIC GASES HEATING RATES THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT REVISITED A SIMPLE MODEL OF SCATTERING BASIC ?UID DYNAMICS MASS CONSERVATION THE MATERIAL DERIVATIVE AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF THE CONTINUITY EQUATION THE EQUATION OF STATE FOR THE ATMOSPHERE THE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATION ROTATING FRAMES OF REFERENCE EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN COORDINATE FORM GEOSTROPHIC AND HYDROSTATIC APPROXIMATIONS PRESSURE COORDINATES AND GEOPOTENTIAL THE THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY EQUATION FURTHER ATMOSPHERIC ?UID DYNAMICS VORTICITY AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY THE BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MOTION GRAVITY WAVES ROSSBY WAVES BOUNDARY LAYERS INSTABILITY STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHEMICAL KINETICS BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS PHOTO-DISSOCIATION STRATOSPHERIC OZONE THE TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SOUNDING ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SOUNDING FROM SPACE ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SOUNDING FROM THE GROUND CLIMATE CHANGE AN ENERGY BALANCE MODEL SOME SOLUTIONS OF THE LINEARISED ENERGY BALANCE MODEL CLIMATE FEEDBACKS THE RADIATIVE FORCING DUE TO AN INCREASE IN CARBON DIOXIDE ATMOSPHERIC MODELLING THE HIERARCHY OF MODELS NUMERICAL METHODS USES OF COMPLEX NUMERICAL MODELS LABORATORY MODELS FINAL REMARKS