REMOTE SENSING WITH POLARIMETRIC RADAR
CONTENTS 1 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 1 1 THE TIME-INVARIANT MAXWELL EQUATIONS 1 2 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC TRAVELING WAVE 1 3 POWER DENSITY 1 4 THE POLARIZATION ELLIPSE 1 5 POLARIZATION VECTOR AND POLARIZATION RATIO 1 6 CIRCULAR WAVE COMPONENTS 1 7 CHANGE OF POLARIZATION BASIS 1 8 ELLIPSE CHARACTERISTICS IN TERMS OF P AND Q 1 9 COHERENCY AND STOKES VECTORS 1 10 THE POINCAR´E SPHERE REFERENCES PROBLEMS 2 ANTENNAS 2 1 ELEMENTS OF THE ANTENNA SYSTEM 2 2 THE VECTOR POTENTIALS 2 3 SOLUTIONS FOR THE VECTOR POTENTIALS 2 4 FAR-ZONE FIELDS 2 5 RADIATION PATTERN 2 6 GAIN AND DIRECTIVITY 2 7 THE RECEIVING ANTENNA 2 8 TRANSMISSION BETWEEN ANTENNAS 2 9 ANTENNA ARRAYS 2 10 EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF AN ANTENNA 2 11 RECEPTION OF COMPLETELY POLARIZED WAVES 2 12 GAIN, EFFECTIVE AREA, AND RADIATION RESISTANCE 2 13 MAXIMUM RECEIVED POWER 2 14 POLARIZATION EF?CIENCY 2 15 THE MODI?ED FRIIS TRANSMISSION EQUATION 2 16 ALIGNMENT OF ANTENNAS 3 COHERENTLY SCATTERING TARGETS 3 1 RADAR TARGETS 3 2 THE JONES MATRIX 3 3 THE SINCLAIR MATRIX 3 4 MATRICES WITH RELATIVE PHASE 3 5 FSA–BSA CONVENTIONS 3 6 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JONES AND SINCLAIR MATRICES 3 7 SCATTERING WITH CIRCULAR WAVE COMPONENTS 3 8 BACKSCATTERING 3 9 POLARIZATION RATIO OF THE SCATTERED WAVE 3 10 CHANGE OF POLARIZATION BASIS: THE SCATTERING MATRIX 3 11 POLARIZATIONS FOR MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM POWER 3 12 THE POLARIZATION FORK 3 13 NONALIGNED COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3 14 DETERMINATION OF SCATTERING PARAMETERS 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO RADAR 4 1 PULSE RADAR 4 2 CW RADAR 4 3 DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF RADAR MEASUREMENTS 4 4 RESOLUTION 4 5 IMAGING RADAR 4 6 THE TRADITIONAL RADAR EQUATION 4 7 THE POLARIMETRIC RADAR EQUATION 4 8 A POLARIMETRIC RADAR 4 9 NOISE 5 SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR 5 1 CREATING A TERRAIN MAP 5 2 RANGE RESOLUTION 5 3 AZIMUTH RESOLUTION 5 4 GEOMETRIC FACTORS 5 5 POLARIMETRIC SAR 5 6 SAR ERRORS 5 7 HEIGHT MEASUREMENT 5 8 POLARIMETRIC INTERFEROMETRY 5 9 PHASE UNWRAPPING 6 PARTIALLY POLARIZED WAVES 6 1 REPRESENTATION OF THE FIELDS 6 2 REPRESENTATION OF PARTIALLY POLARIZED WAVES 6 3 RECEPTION OF PARTIALLY POLARIZED WAVES 7 SCATTERING BY DEPOLARIZING TARGETS 7 1 TARGETS 7 2 AVERAGING THE SINCLAIR MATRIX 7 3 THE KRONECKER-PRODUCT MATRICES 7 4 MATRICES FOR A DEPOLARIZING TARGET: COHERENT MEASUREMENT 7 5 INCOHERENTLY MEASURED TARGET MATRICES 7 6 MATRIX PROPERTIES AND RELATIONSHIPS 7 7 MODI?ED MATRICES 7 8 NAMES 7 9 ADDITIONAL TARGET INFORMATION 7 10 TARGET COVARIANCE AND COHERENCY MATRICES 7 11 A SCATTERING MATRIX WITH CIRCULAR COMPONENTS 7 12 THE GRAVES POWER DENSITY MATRIX 7 13 MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS 7 14 DEGREE OF POLARIZATION AND POLARIMETRIC ENTROPY 7 15 VARIANCE OF POWER 7 16 SUMMARY OF POWER EQUATIONS AND MATRIX RELATIONSHIPS 8 OPTIMAL POLARIZATIONS FOR RADAR 8 1 ANTENNA SELECTION CRITERIA 8 2 LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS A COHERENTLY SCATTERING TARGETS 8 3 MAXIMUM POWER 8 4 POWER CONTRAST: BACKSCATTERING B DEPOLARIZING TARGETS 8 5 ITERATIVE PROCEDURE FOR MAXIMIZING POWER CONTRAST 8 6 THE BACKSCATTERING COVARIANCE MATRIX 8 7 THE BISTATIC COVARIANCE MATRIX 8 8 MAXIMIZING POWER CONTRAST BY MATRIX DECOMPOSITION 8 9 OPTIMIZATION WITH THE GRAVES MATRIX 9 CLASSIFICATION OF TARGETS A CLASSIFICATION CONCEPTS 9 1 REPRESENTATION AND CLASSI?CATION OF TARGETS 9 2 BAYES DECISION RULE 9 3 THE NEYMAN–PEARSON DECISION RULE 9 4 BAYES ERROR BOUNDS 9 5 ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS FROM DATA 9 6 NONPARAMETRIC CLASSI?CATION B CLASSIFICATION BY MATRIX DECOMPOSITION 9 7 COHERENT DECOMPOSITION 9 8 DECOMPOSITION OF POWER-TYPE MATRICES C REMOVAL OF UNPOLARIZED SCATTERING 9 9 DECOMPOSITION OF THE D MATRIX 9 10 POLARIZED CLUTTER 9 11 A SIMILAR DECOMPOSITION 9 12 POLARIMETRIC SIMILARITY CLASSI?CATION