PHYSICS OF THE AIR

By PAUL HARRIS

CONTENTS THE EARTH’S ENERGY BUDGET AND CLIMATE CHANGE INTRODUCTION RADIATIVE HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE GLOBAL ENERGY BUDGET THE WINDOW-GRAY APPROXIMATION AND THE GREENHOUSE E?ECT CLIMATE SENSITIVITY AND CLIMATE FEEDBACKS RADIATIVE TIME CONSTANT COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE RADIATION AND THE EARTH’S MEAN TEMPERATURE PRO?LE THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATIVE HEATING AND CIRCULATION SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK REFERENCES RADIATION AND ITS SOURCES LIGHT AS AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE RADIATION FROM AN OSCILLATING DIPOLE, RADIANCE, AND RADIATIVE FLUX RADIOMETRY BLACKBODY RADIATION: LIGHT AS A PHOTON INCIDENT SUNLIGHT TRANSFER OF RADIATION IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE CROSS SECTIONS SCATTERING CROSS SECTION AND SCATTERING PHASE FUNCTION ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT SCATTERING EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATIONS FOR SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION SOLUTIONS TO THE EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER FORMAL SOLUTION TO THE EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER SOLUTION FOR THERMAL EMISSION INFRARED FLUXES AND HEATING RATES FORMAL SOLUTION FOR SCATTERING AND ABSORPTION SINGLE SCATTERING APPROXIMATION FOURIER DECOMPOSITION OF THE RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION THE LEGENDRE SERIES REPRESENTATION AND THE EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION ADDING LAYERS IN THE EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION ADDING A SURFACE WITH A NONZERO ALBEDO IN THE EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION CLOUDS IN THE THERMAL INFRARED OPTIONAL SEPARATION OF DIRECT AND DI?USE RADIANCES OPTIONAL SEPARATING THE DI?USELY SCATTERED LIGHT FROM THE DIRECT BEAM IN THE EDDINGTON AND TWO-STREAM APPROXIMATIONS OPTIONAL THE ??-EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION OPTIONAL THE DISCRETE ORDINATE METHOD AND DISORT OPTIONAL ADDING-DOUBLING METHOD OPTIONAL MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS TREATMENT OF MOLECULAR ABSORPTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE SPECTRALLY AVERAGED TRANSMISSIONS MOLECULAR ABSORPTION SPECTRA POSITIONS AND STRENGTHS OF ABSORPTION LINES WITHIN VIBRATION-ROTATION BANDS SHAPES OF ABSORPTION LINES DOPPLER BROADENING AND THE VOIGT LINE SHAPE AVERAGE ABSORPTIVITY FOR A SINGLE, WEAK ABSORPTION LINE AVERAGE ABSORPTIVITY FOR A SINGLE, STRONG, PRESSURE-BROADENED ABSORPTION LINE TREATMENT OF INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERIC PATHS AVERAGE TRANSMISSIVITIES FOR BANDS OF NONOVERLAPPING ABSORPTION LINES APPROXIMATE TREATMENTS OF AVERAGE TRANSMISSIVITIES FOR OVERLAPPING LINES EXPONENTIAL SUM-FIT AND CORRELATED K-DISTRIBUTION METHODS TREATMENT OF OVERLAPPING MOLECULAR ABSORPTION BANDS ABSORPTION OF SOLAR RADIATION BY THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AND SURFACE ABSORPTION OF UV AND VISIBLE SUNLIGHT BY OZONE ABSORPTION OF SUNLIGHT BY WATER VAPOR SIMPLI?ED ESTIMATES OF EMISSION AFTERTHOUGHTS