SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS
CONTENTS 1 CLASSI?CATION OF SOLIDS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 THE BRAVAIS LATTICE 1 3 THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 1 4 MILLER INDICES AND CRYSTAL PLANES 1 5 THE RECIPROCAL LATTICE AND BRILLOUIN ZONE 1 6 TYPES OF CRYSTAL BINDINGS 1 7 DEFECTS IN A CRYSTALLINE SOLID PROBLEMS BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 LATTICE DYNAMICS 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR CHAIN 2 3 DISPERSION RELATION FOR A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE 2 4 THE CONCEPT OF PHONONS 2 5 THE DENSITY OF STATES AND LATTICE SPECTRUM 2 6 LATTICE SPECI?C HEAT REFERENCES 3 SEMICONDUCTOR STATISTICS 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 MAXWELL–BOLTZMANN STATISTICS 3 3 FERMI–DIRAC STATISTICS 3 4 BOSE–EINSTEIN STATISTICS 3 5 STATISTICS FOR THE SHALLOW-IMPURITY STATES IN A SEMICONDUCTOR 4 ENERGY BAND THEORY INTRODUCTION BASIC QUANTUM CONCEPTS AND WAVE MECHANICS THE BLOCH–FLOQUET THEOREM THE KRONIG–PENNEY MODEL THE NEARLY FREE ELECTRON APPROXIMATION THE TIGHT-BINDING APPROXIMATION ENERGY BAND STRUCTURES FOR SOME SEMICONDUCTORS THE EFFECTIVE MASS CONCEPT FOR ELECTRONS AND HOLES ENERGY BAND STRUCTURES AND DENSITY OF STATES FOR LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS 5 EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS DENSITIES OF ELECTRONS AND HOLES IN A SEMICONDUCTOR INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS IONIZATION ENERGIES OF SHALLOW- AND DEEP-LEVEL IMPURITIES HALL EFFECT, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, AND HALL MOBILITY HEAVY DOPING EFFECTS IN A DEGENERATE SEMICONDUCTOR 6 EXCESS CARRIER PHENOMENON IN SEMICONDUCTORS NONRADIATIVE RECOMBINATION: THE SHOCKLEY–READ–HALL MODEL BAND-TO-BAND RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION BAND-TO-BAND AUGER RECOMBINATION BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR EQUATIONS THE CHARGE-NEUTRALITY EQUATION THE HAYNES–SHOCKLEY EXPERIMENT THE PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY DECAY EXPERIMENT SURFACE STATES AND SURFACE RECOMBINATION VELOCITY 6 10 DEEP-LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 6 11 SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE TECHNIQUE 7 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS GALVANOMAGNETIC, THERMOELECTRIC, AND THERMOMAGNETIC EFFECTS BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUATION DERIVATION OF TRANSPORT COEF?CIENTS FOR N-TYPE SEMICONDUCTORS TRANSPORT COEF?CIENTS FOR THE MIXED CONDUCTION CASE TRANSPORT COEF?CIENTS FOR SOME SEMICONDUCTORS 8 SCATTERING MECHANISMS AND CARRIER MOBILITIES IN SEMICONDUCTORS DIFFERENTIAL SCATTERING CROSS-SECTION IONIZED IMPURITY SCATTERING NEUTRAL IMPURITY SCATTERING ACOUSTICAL PHONON SCATTERING OPTICAL PHONON SCATTERING SCATTERING BY DISLOCATIONS ELECTRON AND HOLE MOBILITIES IN SEMICONDUCTORS HOT-ELECTRON EFFECTS IN A SEMICONDUCTOR 9 OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECTS OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF A SOLID FREE-CARRIER ABSORPTION PROCESS FUNDAMENTAL ABSORPTION PROCESS THE PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY EFFECT THE PHOTOVOLTAIC (DEMBER) EFFECT THE PHOTOMAGNETOELECTRIC EFFECT 10 METAL–SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS 10 1 INTRODUCTION 10 2 METAL WORK FUNCTION AND SCHOTTKY EFFECT 10 3 THERMIONIC EMISSION THEORY 10 4 IDEAL SCHOTTKY CONTACT 10 5 CURRENT FLOW IN A SCHOTTKY DIODE CURRENT–VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SILICON AND A GAAS SCHOTTKY DIODE DETERMINATION OF SCHOTTKY BARRIER HEIGHT ENHANCEMENT OF EFFECTIVE BARRIER HEIGHT APPLICATIONS OF SCHOTTKY DIODES 10 10 OHMIC CONTACTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS 11 P-N JUNCTION DIODES EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES OF A P-N JUNCTION DIODE P-N JUNCTION DIODE UNDER BIAS CONDITIONS MINORITY CARRIER DISTRIBUTION AND CURRENT FLOW DIFFUSION CAPACITANCE AND CONDUCTANCE MINORITY CARRIER STORAGE AND TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR ZENER AND AVALANCHE BREAKDOWNS TUNNEL DIODES P-N HETEROJUNCTION DIODES 11 10 JUNCTION FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 12 SOLAR CELLS AND PHOTODETECTORS PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES (SOLAR CELLS) PHOTODETECTORS 13 LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES DEVICE PHYSICS, STRUCTURES, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LEDS LED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES PRINCIPLES OF SEMICONDUCTOR LDS LASER DIODE (LD) MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 14 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 14 1 INTRODUCTION 14 2 BASIC DEVICE STRUCTURES AND MODES OF OPERATION 14 3 CURRENT–VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS 14 4 CURRENT GAIN, BASE TRANSPORT FACTOR, AND EMITTER INJECTION EF?CIENCY 14 5 MODELING OF A BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR 14 6 SWITCHING AND FREQUENCY RESPONSE 14 7 ADVANCED BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 14 8 THYRISTORS 14 9 HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS 15 METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 15 1 INTRODUCTION 15 2 AN IDEAL METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEM 15 3 OXIDE CHARGES AND INTERFACE TRAPS 15 4 MOS FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 15 5 SOI MOSFETS 15 6 CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICES 16 HIGH-SPEED III-V SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 16 1 INTRODUCTION 16 2 METAL–SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS 16 3 HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS 16 4 HOT-ELECTRON TRANSISTORS 16 5 RESONANT TUNNELING DEVICES 16 6 TRANSFERRED-ELECTRON DEVICES