ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND RADIATING SYSTEMS
1 INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE 1 – ?INTRODUCTION ?BRIEF HISTORY OF MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY ?MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES ?CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF MICROWAVES ?ADVANTAGES OF MICROWAVES OVER LOW FREQUENCES ?APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ?SUMMARY ?REVIEW QUESTIONS 2 TRANSMISSION LINES THEORY 7 – ?BASIC TRANSMISSION LINE EQUATIONS ?CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE ?TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS ?MATCHED LOAD ?TRANSMISSION LINE DISCONTINUITIES AND LOAD IMPEDANCES ?INPUT IMPEDANCE ?DIRECTIONS OF TRAVEL ON A TRANSMISSION LINE ?TRANSFORMATION OF IMPEDANCE ?IMPEDANCE MATCHING ?STUB MATCHING ?TRANSMISSION LINE SECTIONS AS CIRCUIT ELEMENTS ?SOME PRACTICALITIES ?SMITH CHART ?INSERTION LOSS 3 MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES 30 – ?TYPES OF TRANSMISSION LINES ?LOSSES IN TRANSMISSION LINES ?LENGTH OF A TRANSMISSION LINES ?WAVEGUIDES ?CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE ?PLANAR TRANSMISSION LINES ?SOLVED PROBLEMS CONTENTS 4 MICROWAVE CAVITY RESONATORS 109 – ?ADVANTAGES OF CAVITY RESONATORS ?TYPES OF CAVITY RESONATORS ?OPERATION OF MICROWAVE CAVITY RESONATOR ?FIELD EXPRESSIONS ?COUPLING TO CAVITY ?TUNING OF CAVITIES ?APPLICATIONS OF CAVITY RESONATORS ?FIELD EXPRESSION FOR RECTANGULAR CAVITY RESONATOR ?QUALITY FACTOR (Q) OF CAVITY RESONATORS ?TRANSMISSION LINE RESONATOR 5 MICROWAVE COMPONENTS AND DEVICES 126 – ?SCATTERING PARAMETERS ?WAVEGUIDE PLUMBING ?MICROWAVE JUNCTIONS OR WAVEGUIDE JUNCTIONS ?HYBRID RING ?WAVEGUIDE IMPEDANCE MATCHING ?WAVEGUIDE TERMINATIONS ?WAVEGUIDE BENDS ?WAVEGUIDE TWIST ?FLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE ?WAVEGUIDE JOINTS( ROTATING AND PERMANENT JOINTS) ?DIRECTIONAL COUPLER ?HYBRID COUPLER ?WAVEGUIDE AND MICROWAVE ATTENUATORS ?FERRITES DEVICES (FERRITE ATTENUATOR, CIRCULATORS, ISOLATOR, GYRATOR) ?WAVEGUIDE TRANSITION ?MICROWAVE FILTERS 6 MICROWAVE TUBES 187 – ?INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE TUBES ?FREQUENCY LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL TUBES ?MICROWAVE TUBES ?KLYSTRONS ?THE TRAVELING WAVE TUBE (TWT) ?BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATORS ?MICROWAVE CROSS FIELD TUBES ?MAGNETRON OSCILLATORS 7 MICROWAVE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 245 – ?MICROWAVE SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES ?TUNNEL DIODE DEVICES ?VARACTOR DIODE ?STEP-RECOVERY DIODE ?BULK-EFFECT SEMICONDUCTORS ?THE POINT-CONTACT DIODE ?CRYSTAL DIODES ?SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODE ?PIN DIODES ?STIMULATED EMISSION AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES ?AVALANCHE TRANSIT TIME DEVICES ?MICROWAVE TRANSISTORS ?MICROWAVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS ?MOS FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS ?CMOS ?MOSFET MEMORY 8 MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS 321 – ?DETECTION OF MICROWAVE SIGNAL ?FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS ?MEASUREMENT OF VSWR ?IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT ?INSERTION LOSS AND ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS ?POWER MEASUREMENT ?RADIATION PATTERN MEASUREMENTS ?NETWORK ANALYZER 9 MICROWAVES ANTENNAS 345 – ?TYPES OF MICROWAVES ANTENNAS ?PARABOLIC REFLECTOR ?CASSEGRAIN ANTENNA ?HORN ANTENNAS ?SLOT ANTENNAS ?MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS 10 RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION – AN OVERVIEW 361 – ?RADIO LINKS ?EM WAVE PROPAGATION : INTRODUCTION ?MECHANISM OF PROPAGATION ?VERTICAL AND OBLIQUE INCIDENCE – CRITICAL FREQUENCY AND CRITICAL ANGLE ?SKIP DISTANCE, SKIP ZONE AND MULTIPLE HOP TRANSMISSION ?MUF, LUF AND OUF (USABLE FREQUENCIES) ?FADING ?IMPORTANT FORMULAS 11 GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION 375 – ?FRISS POWER TRANSMISSION EQUATION AND FREE SPACE PATH LOSS ?SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION ?SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION 12 SKY WAVE PROPAGATION – THE IONOSPHERE WAVES 401 – ?INTRODUCTION: IONOSPHERE ?CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT IONIZED REGIONS ?IONOSPHERIC VARIATIONS ?EFFECT OF IONOSPHERE ON RADIO WAVES 13 RADAR 426 – ?PRINCIPLE OF RADAR ?RADAR BLOCK DIAGRAM ?RANGE DETERMINATION ?COMMON PARAMETERS OF RADAR PULSE ?APPLICATIONS OF RADAR ?RADAR FREQUENCIES ?CLASSIFICATION OF RADAR ?BASIC PULSE RADAR SYSTEM ?SIMPLE FORM OF RADAR EQUATION ?EFFECT OF PULSE WIDTH (PW) ON RANGE ?PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) AND RANGE AMBIGUITIES ?MINIMUM DETECTABLE SIGNAL ?RADAR RECEIVER NOISE AND SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO ?CONTINUOUS WAVE (CW) RADAR ?FREQUENCY MODULATED CW RADAR ?MOVING TARGET INDICATOR (MTI) AND DOPPLER RADAR ?RECEIVER NOISE ?LOW NOISE FRONT ENDS ?DUPLEXER ?RADAR DISPLAY ?RADAR ANTENNAS ?HISTORIAL OVERVIEW ?UNSOLVED PROBLEMS 14 MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 462 – ?PROPAGATION OF MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES ?APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES IN COMMUNICATION