FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS
CONTENTS PART I FUNDAMENTALS OF LIBS LASER–MATTER INTERACTION IN LIBS EXPERIMENTS INTRODUCTION LASER INTERACTION WITH GASES MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION CASCADE IONIZATION LASER INTERACTION WITH SOLID MATERIALS FROM MILLISECONDS TO NANOSECONDS HEATING AND MELTING VAPORIZATION LASER INTERACTION WITH SOLID MATERIALS: ULTRASHORT LASER PULSES CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY LTE PLASMAS: THE FEW LEVEL APPROXIMATION FOR THE PARTITION FUNCTION AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ATOMIC SPECIES NON-LTE PLASMAS: COLLISIONAL RADIATIVE MODELS COUPLED WITH ELECTRON ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION AND RADIATION TRANSFER FLUID DYNAMICS OF LASER-PLASMA EXPANSION IN GAS AND LIQUIDS: MODELING AND VALIDATION CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES LIBS INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES THE LASER SOURCE LASER SOURCES UTILIZED IN LIBS SYSTEMS LASER–MATTER INTERACTION: DEPENDENCE ON WAVELENGTH AND PULSE DURATION THE FOCUSING OPTICS THE TARGET CONTAINER THE LIGHT COLLECTION SYSTEM SPECTRAL DETECTION SYSTEMS WAVELENGTH SELECTORS DETECTORS SPECTROMETER-DETECTOR COMBINATION: THE RIGHT TRADE OFF CONTROL ELECTRONICS IN?UENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND COMPOSITION ON LIBS SPECTRAL FEATURES RESOLUTION SIGNAL INTENSITY SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO MATERIAL ABLATION EXPERIMENTAL ISSUES GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FIELD OF VIEW MULTIPLE PULSE CONFIGURATIONS OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS ISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS LIBS IN SPACE PROCESS MONITORING DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE PULSE LIBS TECHNIQUES DOUBLE PULSE EXPERIMENTAL CONFIGURATIONS COLLINEAR CONFIGURATION ORTHOGONAL CONFIGURATION OTHER CONFIGURATIONS DOUBLE PULSE LIBS WITH DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS AND PULSE LENGTHS DOUBLE PULSE LIBS WITH DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS DOUBLE PULSE LIBS WITH DIFFERENT PULSE DURATIONS PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING DOUBLE PULSE LIBS ANALYSIS MULTIPLE PULSE LIBS DOUBLE PULSE INSTRUMENTATION APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE PULSE LIBS STAND-OFF DETECTION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DOUBLE PULSE ANALYSIS OF SOILS DOUBLE PULSE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES DOUBLE PULSE LIBS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTS CONCLUSION FEMTOSECOND LASER ABLATION: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS FEMTOSECOND LASER SYSTEM LASER–MATTER INTERACTION FEMTOSECOND LASER ABSORPTION: ENERGY TRANSPORT ABLATION MECHANISMS ABLATION THRESHOLD PLASMA CHARACTERIZATION: COMPARISON BETWEEN NS AND FS LIBS PLUMES PLUME HYDRODYNAMICS PLASMA SPECTRAL FEATURES PLASMA CHARACTERIZATION PART II APPLICATIONS OF LIBS APPLICATIONS OF LIBS TO THE ANALYSIS OF METALS LASER ABLATION OF METALS OPTIMIZATION OF LASER PULSE ENERGY CHOICE OF LASER WAVELENGTH AND PULSE DURATION APPLICATIONS LIBS ANALYSIS OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS LIBS ANALYSIS OF IRON-BASED ALLOYS LIBS ANALYSIS OF COPPER-BASED ALLOYS LIBS ANALYSIS OF PRECIOUS ALLOYS LIBS ANALYSIS OF MOLTEN METALS OTHER LIBS APPLICATION ON METAL ALLOYS LIBS ANALYSIS OF LIQUIDS AND OF MATERIALS INSIDE LIQUIDS SAMPLING OF LIQUID SURFACE, DROPLET AND AEROSOL ANALYSIS OF ICE AND OF LIQUID INCLUSIONS UNDERWATER ANALYSIS OF SOLID TARGETS WITH GAS FLOW LASER INDUCED CAVITATION INSIDE LIQUIDS COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE AND DUAL PULSE LIBS INSIDE LIQUIDS ANALYSIS OF BULK LIQUIDS DIRECT ANALYSIS OF SUBMERGED SOLID SAMPLES UNDERWATER ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY FOR ANALYSIS OF AEROSOLS DIRECT/FREE STREAM ANALYSIS: DISCRETE NATURE OF PLASMA-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS LOCALIZED PLASMA PARTICLE INTERACTIONS: IMPLICATIONS TO MATRIX/FRACTIONATION EFFECTS SINGLE DROPLET SAMPLE INTRODUCTION SYSTEM CALIBRATION CURVES AND LIMITS OF DETECTION FOR CA AND AU SUBSTRATE BASED ANALYSIS OR INDIRECT ANALYSIS LASER ABLATION-LIBS SPACE APPLICATIONS OF LIBS REVIEW OF PRIOR MISSIONS AND CONVENTIONAL ANALYSIS METHODS OBJECTIVES OF SPACE EXPLORATION OVERVIEW OF MISSIONS TO THE MOON, MARS, VENUS OVERVIEW OF INSTRUMENTATION USED ON PLANETARY SURFACES SOME LIBS CAPABILITIES COMPARED TO PRIOR INSTRUMENTATION LIBS DEPLOYMENT SCENARIOS FOR SPACE MISSIONS LASERS IN SPACE FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS INTERROGATION GEOMETRIES USING LIBS CONSIDERATIONS FOR INSTRUMENT DESIGN REVIEW OF LIBS LABORATORY STUDIES RELATED TO SPACE APPLICATIONS PLASMA CHARACTERISTICS AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES LIBS STUDIES FOR MARS LIBS STUDIES FOR VENUS LIBS STUDIES FOR THE MOON/AIRLESS BODIES CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SOILS BY LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENTAL METHODS APPLICATIONS OF LIBS ON SOIL SAMPLES MEASUREMENT OF NUTRIENTS IN GREEN HOUSE SOIL ON-LINE MONITORING OF REMEDIATION PROCESS OF CHROMIUM POLLUTED SOIL USING LIBS DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN VOLCANIC ERUPTED SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM CENOZOIC LAVA ERUPTION SITES USING LIBS DETECTION OF TOXIC METALS IN OIL SPILL CONTAMINATED SOIL USING LIBS GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING USING LIBS GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING FORMATION OF MINERALS: GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING LIBS FOR GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING LIBS INSTRUMENTATION ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIBS FOR GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING DATA ACQUISITION AND MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS EXAMPLES OF GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING USING LIBS COMMON MINERALS GEOMATERIALS GEMSTONES ROCKS OF VOLCANIC ORIGIN CONFLICT MINERALS OTHER GEOMATERIALS FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF LIBS FOR GEOCHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING LIBS DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES IN TRACES FUNDAMENTALS LASER–MATTER INTERACTION IN THE NANOSECOND ABLATION OF ORGANICS ANALYSIS OF RESIDUES INSTRUMENTS LABORATORY LIBS SYSTEMS PORTABLE LIBS SYSTEMS CHEMOMETRICS SENSOR DATA FUSION CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK FORENSIC APPLICATIONS OF LIBS FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE PURPOSES FOR ANALYZING FORENSIC EVIDENCE TYPES OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE RULES FOR THE ADMISSIBILITY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN COURT: THE FRYE AND DAUBERT STANDARDS ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PHYSICAL EVIDENCE LIBS: AN EMERGING TOOL FOR THE FORENSIC COMMUNITY GLASS PAINT INK AND PAPER (QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS) AMMUNITION AND GUNSHOT RESIDUE FINGERPRINTS WOOD FIBERS BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS NUCLEAR FORENSICS 14 2 10 OTHER TYPES OF EVIDENCE 14 2 11 PRESENTATION OF LIBS EVIDENCE IN COURT FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF LIBS FOR ANALYSIS OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IDENTI?CATION OF POLYMERS BY MEANS OF LIBS LIBS AND POLYMERS SCOPE OF THE CHAPTER POLYMER SPECTRUM STRATEGIES TO IDENTIFY POLYMER COMPOUNDS DISCRIMINATION OF POLYMERS BY LIBS USING CORRELATION METHODS IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMERS BY LIBS USING NORMALIZED COORDINATES METHODS DISCRIMINATION OF POLYMERS BY LIBS USING CCD AND ICCD SYSTEM AND METHODS OF CORRELATION AND OF NORMALIZED COORDINATES: COMPARISON OF METHODS AND DETECTION SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMER MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THE RATIOS OF DIFFERENT EMISSION LINES AND MOLECULAR BANDS PLASTIC IDENTIFICATION AND COMPARISON BY MULTIVARIATE TECHNIQUES IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMER MATERIALS USING LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS APPLICATIONS OF HIGH RESOLUTION LASER: INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ELEMENTAL MAPPING OF PLANTS AND PHYTOREMEDIATION PHYTOREMEDIATION BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LIBS WOOD CHEMISTRY RESPONSE TO PRECIPITATION VARIATIONS WOOD CHEMISTRY RESPONSE TO FOREST FIRES QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR LIBS DATA PCA METHODOLOGY PLS METHODOLOGY BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LIBS MOTIVATION DEFINITION AND CATEGORIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL LIBS APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS OF HARD/CALCIFIED TISSUES CALCIFIED TISSUES DENTAL STUDIES (TOOTH ENAMEL, DENTAL CARIES) STONES AND CALCULI FINGERNAILS ANALYSIS OF SOFT TISSUES ORGANS CANCEROUS/MALIGNANT TISSUES HAIR/SKIN ANALYSIS OF BIOMEDICAL SPECIMENS BLOOD PROTEINS ANALYSIS OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING HUMAN DISEASE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS VIRAL PATHOGENS MOLDS, POLLENS, AMOEBA LIBS-GUIDED SURGERY LASER-GUIDED SURGERY FUTURE POTENTIAL COMBUSTION APPLICATIONS OF LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITOR EQUIVALENCE RATIO ONLINE COAL ANALYSIS FLAME TEMPERATURE ENGINE HEALTH LIBS ANALYSIS FOR COAL LIBS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR COAL APPARATUS SIMULATED COAL SAMPLES COAL SAMPLES WITH VARIABLE COMPOSITION LIBS OFF-LINE COAL ANALYSIS AT A POWER PLANT LIBS ON-LINE COAL ANALYSIS AT A POWER PLANT PROSPECTS: LIBS IN THE COAL-FIRED POWER GENERATION INDUSTRY CULTURAL HERITAGE APPLICATIONS OF LIBS INSTRUMENTATION MOBILE LIBS INSTRUMENTS HYBRID LIBS INSTRUMENTS CASE STUDIES FUTURE OUTLOOK