INTERSECTIONS OF ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

By B. FIENR

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION NATURAL UNITS U(1)Y × SU(2)L × SU(3)C HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION CANONICAL QUANTIZATION THE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR CANONICAL QUANTIZATION OF SCALAR ?ELDS THE PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE CANONICAL QUANTIZATION OF SPIN-HALF ?ELDS SYMMETRY BREAKING THE ABELIAN CASE AND THE GOLDSTONE THEOREM SYMMETRY BREAKING WITH A NON-ABELIAN GROUP THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS THE ELECTROWEAK SECTOR LEPTONS AND QUARKS ELEMENTARY TOPICS IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY NON-RELATIVISTIC PERTURBATION THEORY INVARIANT AMPLITUDE DECAY RATES AND CROSS-SECTIONS VEV’S, PATH INTEGRALS AND MATRIX ELEMENTS QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS A COMMENT ON RENORMALIZATION ELECTROWEAK PHYSICS SUPER SELECTION RULES, CPT AND VIOLATIONS SUPER SELECTION RULES THE CPT THEOREM VIOLATIONS WEAK CURRENTS NEUTRINO ?AVOR MIXING PARITY VIOLATION AND HELICITY THE GLASHOW RESONANCE COSMOLOGY THE HOMOGENEOUS, ISOTROPIC UNIVERSE AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE THE ?RST MOMENTS AN OVERVIEW OF THERMODYNAMICS DEGREES OF FREEDOM THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION DARK MATTER, DARK ENERGY AND THE ?CDM MODEL OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE THE PLANCK SPACECRAFT AND COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL MINIMAL HIGGS PORTAL MODEL CONSTRAINTS FROM EXPERIMENT CONSTRAINTS FROM DIRECT DM SEARCHES CONSTRAINTS FROM HEAVY MESON DECAY CONSTRAINTS FROM LHC AND SN1987A CONSTRAINTS FROM COSMOLOGY RG EVOLUTION EQUATIONS VACUUM STABILITY CONSTRAINTS LIGHT SCALAR SINGLET HEAVY SCALAR SINGLET CONCLUSIONS ASTROPHYSICAL NEUTRINO PRODUCTION AND MULTI-MESSENGER SEARCH ASTROPHYSICAL ACCELERATORS PROTON-PROTON, PROTON-PHOTON INTERACTIONS PARTICLE DECAYS ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL ?AVOR RATIO SOLAR AND ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS NEUTRINOS AND COSMIC RAYS THE WAXMAN - BACCAL BOUND ?-RAYS AND FERMI - LAT THE ICECUBE EXPERIMENT AN OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENT NEXT GENERATIONS AND UPGRADES CHERENKOV RADIATION CROSS SECTIONS FOR INTERACTIONS AT THE DETECTOR NEUTRINO TRACKS EVENT MAPS LOOKING FOR HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO SOURCES ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES: GALACTIC MICROQUASARS ICECUBE NEUTRINOS AS THE SMOKING ICE OF LS 5039 ENGINE GENERALITIES OF THE MICROQUASAR POPULATION IN THE GALAXY HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM GALACTIC MICROQUASARS CONSTRAINTS FROM GAMMA RAYS AND BARYONIC COSMIC RAYS FINAL REMARKS ASTROPHYSICAL SOURCES: STARBURSTS INSU?CIENCIES OF ASTROPHYSICAL MODELS 10 RECONCILING THE HUBBLE CONSTANT MEASUREMENTS 101 DECAYING DARK MATTER AND THE HUBBLE PARAMETER 1011 CONNECTING THE DOTS 1012 BUMP-HUNTING REFERENCES INTRODUCTION RECENTLY, THE ICECUBE COLLABORATION REPORTED THE DISCOVERY OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL NEUTRI- NOS [276] BY ESTABLISHING A STRICT VETO PROTOCOL, THE COLLABORATION WAS ABLE TO ISOLATE (1) AND ALREADY MILDLY EXCLUDES THE BENCHMARK SPECTRAL INDEX ? = 2 IN THIS WORK, WE WILL CONSIDER DI?ERENT CANDIDATES FOR THE SOURCES, FROM GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC ORIGIN, AND AS WE WILL SEE SOON, THIS WILL NOT BE ENOUGH ANOTHER PIECE OF THE PUZZLE COMES WHEN WE CONSIDER THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS FIRST, SOME THEORETICAL INCONSISTENCIES SEEM TO EXIST FOR EXAMPLE, THE FACT