FRONTIERS OF COSMOLOGY
CONTENTS BASICS OF COSMOLOGY 1 GEOMETRY AND DYNAMICS 2 IMPORTANT QUANTITIES NEEDED FOR OBSERVATIONS 3 SOME SOLUTIONS OF EFL EQUATIONS:SOME COSMOLOGICAL MODELS 4 THE STANDARD BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS (SBBN) 5 OBSERVATIONS OF “PRIMORDIAL ABUNDANCES” 6 CONFRONTATION OF THE OBSERVED “PRIMORDIAL ABUNDANCES” TO THE PRE- DICTIONS OF THE SBBN P P 7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES THE X-RAY VIEW OF GALAXY CLUSTERS 1 OBSERVING CLUSTERS IN X-RAYS – THE CHANDRA OBSERVATORY 2 REGULAR CLUSTERS XD COOLING FLOWS 3 PHYSICS OF CLUSTER CORES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CLUSTERS: AN OPTICAL POINT OF VIEW 1 CLUSTER DETECTIONS IN THE OPTICAL 2 STUDIES OF CLUSTERS 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COSMOLOGY WITH CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES 1 INTRODUCTION 2 WHAT IS A CLUSTER? 3 THE SPHERICAL MODEL 4 THE MASS FUNCTION 5 CONNECTION TO THE OBSERVATIONS 6 PROPERTIES OF CLUSTERS AND SCALING RELATIONS 7 CLUSTERS ABUNDANCE EVOLUTION 8 THE BARYON FRACTION 9 CONCLUSION ASTROPHYSICAL DETECTION OF DARK MATTER 1 SIGNALS FROM THE DARK UNIVERSE 2 INFERENCE PROBES 3 PHYSICAL PROBES 4 CONCLUSION NON-THERMAL AND RELATIVISTIC PROCESSES IN GALAXY CLUSTERS 1 NON-THERMAL AND RELATIVISTIC PHENOMENA IN GALAXY CLUSTERS 2 THE ORIGIN OF COSMIC RAYS IN GALAXY CLUSTERS 3 THE ASTROPHYSICS OF COSMIC RAYS IN GALAXY CLUSTERS 4 CONCLUSIONS AN INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW ABOUT COSMOLOGICAL IN?ATION 2 THE HOT BIG-BANG SCENARIO AND ITS PROBLEMS 3 IN?ATION AND IN?ATIONARY DYNAMICS 4 BASICS OF COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS 5 IN?ATIONARY PERTURBATIONS 6 BASICS OF QUANTUM ?ELD THEORY 7 PERTURBATION SPECTRUM 8 CONCLUSION AN INTRODUCTION TO QUINTESSENCE 1 THE TWO COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT PROBLEMS 2 A SCALAR ?ELD AS DARK ENERGY 3 STABILITY OF THE WQ = CONST REGIME 4 MODEL BUILDING 5 DARK ENERGY AND STRUCTURE FORMATION 6 OBSERVATIONAL STATUS CMB OBSERVATIONAL TECHNIQUES AND RECENT RESULTS 2 OBSERVATIONAL TECHNIQUES 3 RECENT OBSERVATIONS 4 SUMMARY FLUCTUATIONS IN THE CMB 2 COSMOLOGICAL PRELIMINARIES 3 THE LAST SCATTERING SURFACE 4 PERTURBATIONS ON LARGE AND SMALL SCALES 5 OSCILLATIONS IN THE PRIMORDIAL PLASMA 6 THE POWER SPECTRUM OF CMB FLUCTUATIONS 7 THE CMB AND COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 8 CONCLUSIONS SUPERNOVAE AS ASTROPHYSICAL OBJECTS 1 SOME HISTORY 2 SUPERNOVA CLASSI?CATION 3 INPUT ENERGY 4 CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE 5 TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE 6 CONCLUSIONS COSMOLOGY WITH SUPERNOVAE 2 THE HUBBLE CONSTANT 3 THE EXPANSION HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE 4 UNIVERSAL ACCELERATION ACCORDING TO TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE 5 CHARACTERISING DARK ENERGY GRAVITATIONAL LENSING: FROM µ-LENSING TO COSMIC SHEAR EXPERIMENTS 2 PHYSICAL MECHANISMS 3 GRAVITATIONAL LENSES IN COSMOLOGY 4 COSMIC SHEAR: WEAK LENSING AS A PROBE OF THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE 5 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: COSMIC SHEAR IN A PRECISION COSMOL- OGY ERA DARK MATTER: EARLY CONSIDERATIONS 2 LOCAL DARK MATTER 3 CLUSTERS AND GROUPS OF GALAXIES 4 MASSES OF GALAXIES 5 THE NATURE OF DARK MATTER 6 SUMMARY DARK MATTER AND GALAXY FORMATION 1 CHALLENGES OF DARK MATTER 2 GLOBAL BARYON INVENTORY 4 HIERARCHICAL GALAXY FORMATION 5 UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN GALAXY FORMATION THEORY 6 RESURRECTING CDM 7 AN ASTROPHYSICAL SOLUTION: EARLY WINDS 8 OBSERVING CDM VIA THE WIMP LSP 9 THE FUTURE NON-BARYONIC DARK MATTER 1 THE NEED FOR NON-BARYONIC DARK MATTER 2 POPULAR CANDIDATES FOR NON-BARYONIC DARK MATTER 3 NEUTRALINO DARK MATTER SEARCHES