AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF OPTICS
2 HISTORICAL SURVEY AND EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE THE CONCEPTS OF LIGHT DURING THE LAST 2500 YEARS: CORPUSCLES, RAY OPTICS, WAVE OPTICS, ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY AND ?NALLY QUANTUM PARTICLE THEORY BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION DISPERSION RELATION PHYSICAL QUANTITIES INVOLVED IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ?ELD PROPAGATION EQUATIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES HELMHOLTZ EQUATION ENERGY ?UX OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES TEM WAVES — LAPLACE EQUATION SCALAR AND VECTOR POTENTIALS VECTOR POTENTIAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD POLARIZATION GUIDED PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE OF CROSS SECTION A, B(A > B) RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE TEM,N MODES RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE TMM,N MODES CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE OF RADIUS R0 CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE TEM,N MODES CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE TMM,N MODES CASE OF TWO PARALLEL PLATES DENSITY OF STATES CONCLUSION REMARKS 4 FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES TO QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS ELEMENTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS BLACKBODY RADIATION AND THE ULTRAVIOLET CATASTROPHE ENERGY AND MOMENTUM OPERATORS IN QUANTUM MECHANICS PARTICLE IN A SQUARE POTENTIAL WELL — CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE WAVEGUIDES HARMONIC OSCILLATOR IN QUANTUM MECHANICS FROM THE CLASSICAL EXPRESSIONS TO THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL ONES DIRAC REPRESENTATION, CREATION AND ANNIHILATION OPERATORS, A, A+ THE DIRAC EQUATION QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS (QED) AND THE PHOTON DESCRIPTION THE PHOTOELECTRIC E?ECT AND THE QUANTUM INTERPRETATION COMPTON SCATTERING LOW INTENSITY YOUNG’S DOUBLE-SLIT INTERFERENCES SECOND QUANTIZATION QUANTIZATION PROCESS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ?ELD THE PHOTON WAVE FUNCTION INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND CHARGED PARTICLES, REALITY OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL INTERACTION HAMILTONIAN BETWEEN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE AND A CHARGED PARTICLE REALITY OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL, EHRENBERG–SIDAY OR AHARONOV–BOHM E?ECT TRANSITION RATES AND VACUUM INDUCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION PHOTOELECTRIC E?ECT AND THE SEMI-CLASSICAL INTERPRETATION SPONTANEOUS EMISSION RATE DIPOLE APPROXIMATION AND SPONTANEOUS EMISSION THE PHOTON SPIN LAMB SHIFT NONRELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS: BETHE’S APPROACH 5 THEORY, EXPERIMENTS AND QUESTIONS PLANCK’S CONSTANT AND THE VACUUM INTRINSIC ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES HAMILTONIAN ISSUED FROM THE QUANTIZATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD QED SINGULARITIES ELECTRON-VACUUM INTERACTIONS AND THE ASSOCIATED E?ECTS SPONTANEOUS EMISSION LAMB SHIFT CASIMIR E?ECT SIMULTANEOUS WAVE-PARTICLE NATURE OF THE PHOTON REVEALED BY THE EXPERIMENTS — DISCUSSIONS PHOTOELECTRIC E?ECT, COMPTON’S SCATTERING AND YOUNG’S DOUBLE-SLIT EXPERIMENT MIZOBUCHI AND OHTAKE DOUBLE-PRISM EXPERIMENT GRANGIER’S ET AL EXPERIMENTS, PHOTON INDIVISIBILITY HUNTER–WADLINGER EXPERIMENTS, THE PHOTON SPATIAL EXPANSION 6 ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD QUANTIZATION PROCESS AND THE PHOTON VECTOR POTENTIAL NON- LOCAL PHOTON WAVE-PARTICLE REPRESENTATION AND THE QUANTUM VACUUM QUANTIZED VECTOR POTENTIAL AMPLITUDE OF A SINGLE PHOTON STATE DIMENSION ANALYSIS FROM MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS VECTOR POTENTIAL AMPLITUDE PROPORTIONAL TO THE FREQUENCY QUANTUM EQUATION FOR THE PHOTON VECTOR POTENTIAL PHOTON QUANTIZATION VOLUME RELATION BETWEEN THE PHOTON VECTOR POTENTIAL AND THE ELECTRON CHARGE DE?NITION OF THE VECTOR POTENTIAL AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION CONSTANT ? GROUND LEVEL OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD QUANTUM VACUUM REPRESENTATION ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE ZERO-POINT ENERGY IN THE QED FORMALISM GROUND LEVEL OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ?ELD AND THE VACUUM THE QUANTUM VACUUM FIELD E?ECTS VACUUM ENERGY DENSITY AND THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT 7 EPILOGUE