EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORIES IN FLAVOUR PHYSICS
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORICAL REMARKS 1 IMPORTANCE OF FLAVOUR PHYSICS 6 SCOPE OF THE BOOK 7 REFERENCES 8 2 FLAVOUR IN THE STANDARD MODEL 11 BASICS OF THE STANDARD MODEL 11 THE HIGGS SECTOR AND YUKAWA COUPLINGS 13 NEUTRINO MASSES AND LEPTON MIXING 17 REFERENCES 20 3 THE CKM MATRIX AND CP VIOLATION 23 THE CKM MATRIX IN THE STANDARD MODEL 23 CP VIOLATION AND UNITARITY TRIANGLES 24 THE CKM MATRIX AND THE FERMION MASS SPECTRUM 29 REFERENCES 31 4 E?ECTIVE FIELD THEORIES 33 WHAT ARE E?ECTIVE FIELD THEORIES? 33 FERMI’S THEORY AS AN E?ECTIVE FIELD THEORY 41 HEAVY-QUARK E?ECTIVE THEORY 45 HEAVY-QUARK SYMMETRIES 49 HEAVY-QUARK EXPANSION FOR INCLUSIVE DECAYS 54 TWIST EXPANSION FOR HEAVY-HADRON DECAYS 58 SOFT-COLLINEAR E?ECTIVE FIELD THEORY 64 CHIRAL PERTURBATION THEORY 71 REFERENCES 74 5 APPLICATIONS I: ?F = 1 PROCESSES 79 ?F = 1 E?ECTIVE HAMILTONIAN 79 E?ECTIVE HAMILTONIAN FOR SEMILEPTONIC PROCESSES 79 E?ECTIVE HAMILTONIAN FOR NON-LEPTONIC PROCESSES 80 ELECTROWEAK PENGUINS 87 RADIATIVE AND (SEMI)LEPTONIC FLAVOUR-CHANGING NEUTRAL-CURRENT PROCESSES 89 REMARKS ON ?D = 1 PROCESSES: PIONS AND NUCLEONS 95 ?S = 1 PROCESSES: KAON PHYSICS 98 LEPTONIC AND SEMILEPTONIC KAON DECAYS 98 NON-LEPTONIC KAON DECAYS ?B = 1 PROCESSES: B PHYSICS EXCLUSIVE SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS INCLUSIVE SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS LIFETIMES OF B±, B0 AND ?B FCNC DECAYS OF B MESONS EXCLUSIVE NON-LEPTONIC DECAYS REFERENCES 6 APPLICATIONS II: ?F = 2 PROCESSES AND CP VIOLATION CP SYMMETRY IN THE STANDARD MODEL ?F = 2 PROCESSES: PARTICLE–ANTIPARTICLE MIXING MIXING IN THE KAON SYSTEM MIXING IN THE B0-MESON SYSTEM MIXING IN THE D0-MESON SYSTEM PHENOMENOLOGY OF CP VIOLATION: KAONS PHENOMENOLOGY OF CP VIOLATION: B MESONS 7 BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL THE STANDARD MODEL AS AN E?ECTIVE FIELD THEORY FLAVOUR IN MODELS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL 8 PROSPECTS CURRENT AND FUTURE EXPERIMENTS THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES