ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR PHARMACY
CONTENTS CHAPTER CELLULAR INJURY STUDY OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION CELLULAR ADAPTATION CELLULAR INJURY FREE RADICAL INJURY HYPOXIC CELL INJURY MANIFESTATIONS OF CELLULAR INJURY CELL DEATH APOPTOSIS NECROTIC CELL DEATH TISSUE REPAIR TYPES OF TISSUE REPAIR STEPS IN TISSUE (WOUND) REPAIR CHAPTER CANCER STUDY OBJECTIVES CANCER TERMINOLOGY THEORIES OF ONCOGENESIS ABNORMALITIES OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR/INDUCER GENES MUTATION OF DNA HEREDITARY MANIFESTATIONS OF CANCER TUMOR STAGING CANCER DETECTION TUMOR CELL MARKERS VISUALIZATION BIOPSY RATIONALE FOR THERAPY TREATMENT OF CANCER SURGICAL REMOVAL CHEMOTHERAPY HORMONAL THERAPY RADIATION THERAPY IMMUNE-BASED THERAPIES DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION STUDY OBJECTIVES STEPS IN HEMOSTASIS VASCULAR SPASM FORMATION OF PLATELET PLUG ACTIVATION OF BLOOD COAGULATION CASCADES INTRINSIC PATHWAY EXTRINSIC PATHWAY FORMATION OF ?BRIN CLOT CLOT RETRACTION FIBRINOLYSIS (CLOT DISSOLUTION) CONDITIONS LEADING TO DECREASED COAGULATION GENETIC DEFECTS HEMOPHILIA VON WILLEBRAND’S DISEASE AUTOIMMUNE DEFECTS IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA PURPURA THROMBOCYTOPENIA ACQUIRED DE?CIENCIES VITAMIN K DE?CIENCY LIVER DISEASE DRUG-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION CONDITIONS LEADING TO INCREASED BLOOD COAGULATION ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGIC FUNCTION AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT STUDY OBJECTIVES HEMATOPOIESIS ANEMIA GENERAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANEMIA TYPES OF ANEMIA HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA IRON-DE?CIENCY ANEMIA COBALAMIN-DE?CIENCY OR FOLATE-DE?CIENCY ANEMIA INHERITED ANEMIA MANIFESTATIONS OF THALASSEMIA APLASTIC ANEMIA POLYCYTHEMIA MANIFESTATIONS TREATMENT IMMUNE RESPONSE AND IN?AMMATION STUDY OBJECTIVES COMPONENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ANTIGENS MAJOR HISTOCOMPATABILITY COMPLEX (MHC) MHC I MHC II MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES LYMPHOCYTES T LYMPHOCYTES (T CELLS) B LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS) ANTIBODIES NATURAL KILLER CELLS CYTOKINES COMPLEMENT PROTEINS THE IN?AMMATORY REACTION HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS ACQUIRED IMMUNE DE?CIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) STUDY OBJECTIVES HIV STRUCTURE STAGES IN AN HIV INFECTION EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF HIV RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF HIV TREATMENT OF HIV DISEASES OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM STUDY OBJECTIVES ARTERIAL DISEASE ATHEROSCLEROSIS MANIFESTATIONS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS ANEURYSM CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANEURYSM TREATMENT OF ANEURYSMS VASOSPASTIC CONDITIONS ARTERIAL IN?AMMATION DISEASE OF THE VEINS VARICOSE VEINS CHRONIC VENOUS INSUF?CIENCY VENOUS THROMBUS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF VENOUS THROMBUS EMBOLISM ANTICOAGULANT AND THROMBOLYTIC DRUG THERAPY ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD PRESSURE STUDY OBJECTIVES PRIMARY OR ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION MANIFESTATIONS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION SECONDARY HYPERTENSION MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION HYPOTENSION DISEASES OF THE HEART STUDY OBJECTIVES DISORDERS OF THE PERICARDIUM ACUTE PERICARDITIS PERICARDIAL EFFUSION CONSTRICTIVE (CHRONIC) CARDITIS RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF PERICARDITIS DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM MYOCARDITIS CARDIOMYOPATHIES TYPES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF CARDIOMYOPATHY DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCARDIUM AND HEART VALVES INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE DISORDERS OF THE HEART VALVES MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF VALVULAR DISEASE CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA STUDY OBJECTIVES MANIFESTATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA TREATMENT OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT SURGICAL TREATMENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION STUDY OBJECTIVES CORONARY BLOOD ?OW AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MANIFESTATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATMENT FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION HEART FAILURE AND SHOCK STUDY OBJECTIVES MANIFESTATIONS OF HEART FAILURE LEFT HEART FAILURE RIGHT HEART FAILURE SYSTOLIC FAILURE VS DIASTOLIC FAILURE SYSTOLIC FAILURE DIASTOLIC FAILURE PHYSIOLOGIC COMPENSATION FOR HEART FAILURE RATIONALE FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE CIRCULATORY SHOCK PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO SHOCK STAGES OF SHOCK COMPLICATIONS OF SHOCK TREATMENT OF SHOCK ABNORMALITIES OF CARDIAC CONDUCTION STUDY OBJECTIVES CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS PHASES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL ACTION POTENTIAL PHASES OF ACTION POTENTIAL FOR CARDIAC PACEMAKER CELLS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY COMPONENTS OF A NORMAL ECG FACTORS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA ECTOPIC PACEMAKERS REENTRY IMPULSES TYPES OF ARRHYTHMIA SINUS NODE ARRHYTHMIA ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIA VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA HEART BLOCK DIAGNOSIS OF ARRHYTHMIA RATIONALE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA TREATMENT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF ARRHYTHMIA DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM STUDY OBJECTIVES RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS INFECTIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT THE COMMON COLD IN?UENZA INFECTIONS OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT PNEUMONIA TUBERCULOSIS OBSTRUCTIVE RESPIRATORY DISORDERS RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISORDERS RESPIRATORY FAILURE ABNORMALITIES OF THE KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT STUDY OBJECTIVES DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS RAPIDLY PROGRESSING GLOMERULONEPHRITIS CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS MANIFESTATIONS OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS TREATMENT OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES) RENAL TUMORS POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE RENAL FAILURE ACUTE RENAL FAILURE CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE DISORDERS OF THE BLADDER AND URETHERA URINE RE?UX NEUROGENIC BLADDER GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS STUDY OBJECTIVES ABNORMALITIES OF THE ESOPHAGUS DYSPHAGIA ACHALASIA ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM GASTROESOPHAGEAL RE?UX DISEASE DISORDERS OF THE STOMACH GASTRITIS ACUTE GASTRITIS CHRONIC GASTRITIS PEPTIC ULCERS MANIFESTATIONS OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE DISORDERS OF THE INTESTINES IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IN?AMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE CROHN’S DISEASE ULCERATIVE COLITIS DISORDERS OF THE GALL BLADDER GALLSTONE FORMATION (CHOLELITHIASIS) CHOLECYSTITIS DIVERTICULAR DISEASE MANIFESTATIONS OF DIVERTICULAR DISEASE TREATMENT OF DIVERTICULAR DISEASE COLORECTAL CANCER MANIFESTATIONS OF COLORECTAL CANCER DISEASE OF THE LIVER AND EXOCRINE PANCREAS STUDY OBJECTIVES VIRAL HEPATITIS EPIDEMIOLOGY MANIFESTATIONS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF HEPATITIS TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS CIRRHOSIS STAGES OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE MANIFESTATIONS OF ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS TREATMENT OF CIRRHOSIS LIVER CANCER DISORDERS OF THE PANCREAS — PANCREATITIS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS STUDY OBJECTIVES ABNORMALITIES OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS/PITUITARY GLANDS HYPOPITUITARISM DISORDERS OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND ALTERATIONS OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION GROWTH HORMONE HYPOSECRETION GROWTH HORMONE HYPERSECRETION — GIGANTISM AND ACROMEGALY DISORDERS OF THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ADH (SIADH) DIABETES INSIPIDUS ALTERATION OF THYROID FUNCTION HYPOTHYROIDISM MYXEDEMA HYPERTHYROIDISM GRAVE’S DISEASE DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS HYPOSECRETION OF ADRENAL HORMONES CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPOPLASIA (CAH) ADDISON’S DISEASE CUSHING’S DISEASE DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA DIABETES MELLITUS STUDY OBJECTIVES ENDOCRINE PANCREAS TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE I DIABETES (INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES) TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS (NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES) LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS GESTATIONAL DIABETES REFERENCES SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY