BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DETOXICATION

By P. KUANA

CONTAMINANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS 1 1 1 PESTICIDES 1 1 2 DIOXINS 1 1 3 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) 1 1 4 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) 1 1 5 PHTHALATES 1 1 6 SURFACTANTS 1 1 7 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT) 1 1 8 CHLORINATED ALKANES AND ALKENES 1 1 9 BENZENE AND ITS HOMOLOGUES 1 1 10 HEAVY METALS 1 1 11 GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS 1 2 MIGRATION OF CONTAMINANTS INTO DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 1 2 1 MIGRATION OF CONTAMINANTS BETWEEN SOIL AND WATER 1 2 2 MIGRATION OF CONTAMINANTS BETWEEN WATER AND AIR 1 2 3 MIGRATION OF CONTAMINANTS BETWEEN SOIL AND AIR 1 2 4 GEOGRAPHICAL MIGRATION OF CONTAMINANTS 1 2 5 BIOTIC MIGRATION OF CONTAMINANTS 1 2 6 LOCAL CONTAMINATION OF ECOSYSTEMS UPTAKE, TRANSLOCATION AND EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS IN PLANTS 2 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ABSORPTION AND TRANSLOCATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN PLANTS 2 1 1 ABSORPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS BY LEAVES 2 1 2 PENETRATION OF CONTAMINANTS INTO ROOTS 2 1 3 PENETRATION OF CONTAMINANTS INTO THE SEEDS 2 1 4 TRANSLOCATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS IN PLANTS 2 2 THE ACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS ON THE PLANT CELL 2 2 1 CHANGES IN CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE 2 2 2 CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF REGULAR METABOLISM ENZYMES THE FATE OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE PLANT CELL 3 1 TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS IN PLANTS 3 2 EXCRETION 3 3 TRANSFORMATION 3 3 1 CONJUGATION WITH ENDOGENOUS COMPOUNDS 3 3 2 DEGRADATION PATHWAYS 3 3 3 ENZYMES TRANSFORMING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS THE ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS FOR CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS 4 1 PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION 4 2 PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES 4 2 1 PHYTOTRANSFORMATION 4 2 2 PHYTOEXTRACTION 4 2 3 RHIZOFILTRATION 4 2 4 RHIZODEGRADATION 4 2 5 HYDRAULIC CONTROL 4 2 6 PHYTOSTABILIZATION 4 2 7 PHYTOVOLATILIZATION 4 2 8 CLEANING OF THE AIR 4 3 TRANSGENIC PLANTS IN PHYTOREMEDIATION 4 4 THE COST OF PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES 4 5 PHYTOREMEDIATION – AN EFFECTIVE NATURAL TOOL FOR A HEALTHY PLANET REFERENCES