A COMPEND OF PHARMACY
CONTENTS SECTION A: COMPOUNDING AND DISPENSING DISPENSING PRACTICE COUNSELLING AND CAUTIONARY ADVISORY LABELS EXTEMPORANEOUS DISPENSING GENERAL FORMULARY CHILDRENS FORMULARY MODIFICATION OF ORAL FORMULATIONS COLD CHAIN MANAGEMENT APPENDIX A1: EMULSIFIERS AND STABILISERS APPENDIX A2: UNITS OF CONCENTRATION APPENDIX A3: ISOSMOTIC AND ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS APPENDIX A4: BUFFER SOLUTIONS APPENDIX A5: PKA VALUES APPENDIX A6: LATIN ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTION WRITING APPENDIX A7: MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS SECTION B: PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY PHARMACOKINETICS THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING DRUG INTERACTIONS MEDICINES IN OLDER PEOPLE DOSE CALCULATIONS FOR CHILDREN DOSING IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT MEDICINES IN BREAST MILK INDIVIDUALISED MEDICINE SECTION C: THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT CORTICOSTEROIDS HIV AND ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY INSULIN PREPARATIONS MEDICINES REVIEW MEDICINE-INDUCED DISCOLOURATION MEDICINES AND URINARY INCONTINENCE MISSED DOSES OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUES OPIOID CONVERSION OPIOID-INDUCED CONSTIPATION OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY PALLIATIVE CARE WEIGHT MANAGEMENT WOUND MANAGEMENT SECTION D: CLINICAL MONOGRAPHS OF COMMONLY USED MEDICINES CLINICAL MONOGRAPHS SECTION E: COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES MONOGRAPHS COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES MONOGRAPHS SECTION F: COUNSELLING GUIDES FOR COMMON AILMENTS USING THE COUNSELLING GUIDES CONSTIPATION COUGH DIARRHOEA GASTROENTERITIS IN CHILDREN GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE HAY FEVER HEADACHE AND MIGRAINE HEAD LICE MOUTH ULCERS NAPPY RASH SMOKING CESSATION TINEA VAGINAL THRUSH SECTION G: PROVISION OF PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINES CHLORAMPHENICOL AS A PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINE CODEINE AS A PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINE LEVONORGESTREL AS A PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINE FLUCONAZOLE AS A PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINE ORLISTAT AS A PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINE PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AS PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINES PROCHLORPERAZINE AS A PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINE SHORT ACTING BETA-AGONISTS AS PHARMACIST ONLY MEDICINES SECTION H: POLICIES AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE POLICIES IN PRACTICE CODE OF ETHICS THE NATIONAL MEDICINES POLICY AND REGULATION OF THERAPEUTIC GOODS GUIDELINES FOR DRUG DONATIONS TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SECTION I: HEALTH INFORMATION AND RESOURCES DRUGS IN SPORT EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE EXCLUSION PERIODS FOR INFECTIOUS CONDITIONS FOOD ADDITIVES INFORMATION FROM THE INTERNET MEDICAL AND SURGICAL EMERGENCIES POISONING TRAVEL MEDICINE THIS SECTION COVERS THE KEY ASPECTS OF DISPENSING AND COMPOUNDING IT INCLUDES INFORMATION ON THE DISPENSING PROCESS, THE APPROPRIATE USE OF CAUTIONARY ADVISORY LABELS, COMPOUNDING METHODS, THE APPLICATION OF RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE STANDARDS, THE BASICS OF DRUG DELIVERY AND ABSORPTION, AND PRINCIPLES OF RISK MANAGEMENT IT AIMS TO HELP PHARMACISTS PREPARE AND DISPENSE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE PRODUCTS, MEET THEIR PROFESSIONAL OBLIGATIONS AND ACHIEVE A CONSISTENTLY HIGH STANDARD OF PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IT IS ALSO A USEFUL RESOURCE FOR PHARMACISTS PREPARING AND SUPPLYING EXTEMPORANEOUS PRODUCTS OR MODIFIED ORAL FORMULATIONS, AND FOR PHARMACY STUDENTS LEARNING THE ART OF COMPOUNDING AND THE PRINCIPLES OF DISPENSING DISPENSING PRACTICE APPLICATIONS CAPSULES CREAMS EAR DROPS ELIXIRS EMULSIFYING WAXES EYE DROPS EYE LOTIONS GELS INHALATIONS INSUFFLATIONS IRRIGATIONS LINCTUSES LINIMENTS LOTIONS MIXTURES MUCILAGES NASAL INSTILLATIONS OINTMENTS PAINTS PASTES POWDERS SHAMPOOS SOLUTIONS SPIRITS SUPPOSITORIES SYRUPS WATERS CHILDREN’S FORMULARY EMULSIFIERS AND STABILISERS UNITS OF CONCENTRATION ISOSMOTIC AND ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS BUFFER SOLUTIONS PKA VALUES LATIN ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTION WRITING MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS COMPOUNDING AND DISPENSING SECTION A COMPOUNDING AND DISPENSING SECTION A | DISPENSING PRACTICE THE MATTER CAUSING CONCERN SHOULD BE CLEARLY COMMUNICATED, ALONG WITH SUPPORTIVE EVIDENCE OF THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OR POTENTIAL FOR ADVERSE PATIENT OUTCOMES RELATING TO THE SPECIFIC ISSUE DOCUMENTING THE RESULTS OF THE DISCUSSION WITH THE PRESCRIBER AND MAKING A NOTATION ON THE PRESCRIPTION PROVIDES A RECORD OF PROOF AND EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT ANY CLINICAL DECISIONS IF THE PRESCRIBER IS UNAVAILABLE OR IS UNWILLING TO ACCEPT THE PHARMACIST’S ADVICE, THE PHARMACIST MUST MAKE A PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT AS TO WHAT ACTION IS REQUIRED TO SATISFY THEIR DUTY OF CARE TO THE CONSUMER WHERE POSSIBLE, THE PHARMACIST SHOULD OBTAIN THE CONSUMER’S CONSENT BEFORE CONTACTING THE PRESCRIBER AND INFORM THEM OF THE RESULT OF THE CONSULTATION THE PROCESS OF DISPENSING AND LABELLING SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE A LOGICAL, SYSTEMATIC DISPENSING PROCEDURE THAT INCLUDES SEQUENTIAL CHECKS FOR ACCURACY WILL MINIMISE THE CHANCE OF DISPENSING ERRORS THE AIM IS TO ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT MEDICINE IS SUPPLIED TO THE INTENDED CONSUMER AND MINIMISE THE POTENTIAL FOR HARM AND DISTRESS RESULTING FROM AN ERROR THE FOLLOWING STEPS ARE CENTRAL TO THE DISPENSING AND LABELLING PROCESS: ACCURATELY RECORDING PATIENT AND PRESCRIPTION DETAILS ON THE PHARMACY COMPUTER SELECTING THE MEDICINE TO BE DISPENSED CHECKING THE EXPIRY DATE AND PLACING LABELS SO THAT ANY OF THE MANUFACTURER’S STATEMENTS THAT MAY BE IMPORTANT TO THE PATIENT, INCLUDING THE EXPIRY DATE, STORAGE CONDITIONS AND WHERE POSSIBLE, THE NAME AND STRENGTH OF THE DRUG ARE VISIBLE TAKING ACCOUNT OF FACTORS LIKELY TO COMPROMISE THE MEDICINE’S EFFICACY, STABILITY AND SAFETY IF REPACKAGING IT OUT OF ITS ORIGINAL CONTAINER USING LABELS THAT PROVIDE CLEAR DOSING INSTRUCTIONS AND TEXT THAT IS LEGIBLE AND UNAMBIGUOUS AFFIXING CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS (CALS) IN ACCORDANCE WITH LEGAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROFESSIONAL CONVENTIONS FOR EXTEMPORANEOUSLY PREPARED PRODUCTS, MEETING THE RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE STANDARDS AND CONSIDERING THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCTS ONLY IF NO SUITABLE PROPRIETARY PREPARATION IS AVAILABLE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION SEE ‘EXTEMPORANEOUS DISPENSING’, PAGE COUNSELLING COUNSELLING IS ESSENTIAL TO THE DISPENSING PROCESS, AND PHARMACISTS NEED TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY WHEN PROVIDING VERBAL AND WRITTEN INFORMATION CONSUMERS SHOULD RECEIVE ADEQUATE DOSING INSTRUCTIONS AND UNDERSTAND HOW TO USE, STORE AND DISPOSE OF DISPENSED MEDICINES CORRECTLY AND SAFELY GOOD COUNSELLING PROMOTES