ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
CONTENTS PART ONE BASIC TECHNIQUES OF MICROBIOLOGY EXERCISES 1 THE MICROSCOPE 2 HANDLING AND EXAMINING CULTURES 3 SIMPLE STAINS AND WET-MOUNT PREPARATIONS EXPERIMENT 3 1 PREPARING A SIMPLE STAIN EXPERIMENT 3 2 PREPARING A WET MOUNT 4 GRAM STAIN 5 ACID-FAST STAIN 6 CULTURE MEDIA 7 STREAKING TECHNIQUE TO OBTAIN PURE CULTURES 8 SUBCULTURE TECHNIQUES EXPERIMENT 8 1 SUBCULTURE TECHNIQUE (PICKING ISOLATED COLONIES FOR PURE CULTURES) PART TWO DESTRUCTION OF MICROORGANISMS PHYSICAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS CHEMICAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS EXERCISES 9 MOIST AND DRY HEAT EXPERIMENT 9 1 MOIST HEAT EXPERIMENT 9 2 DRY HEAT EXPERIMENT 9 3 INCINERATION 10 THE AUTOCLAVE 11 DISINFECTANTS CASE STUDY: A LESSON LEARNED—FOLLOW PROPER PROCEDURES FOR THE DISINFECTION OF EQUIPMENT 12 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING AND RESISTANCE EXPERIMENT 12 1 DISK AGAR DIFFUSION METHOD EXPERIMENT 12 2 BROTH DILUTION METHOD: DETERMINING MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION (MIC) EXPERIMENT 12 3 BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS PART THREE DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY IN ACTION GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS MICROBIOLOGY AT THE BEDSIDE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF CLINICAL SPECIMENS FOR CULTURE PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING SPECIMENS AND CULTURES NORMAL FLORA OF THE BODY PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY EXERCISES 13 PRIMARY MEDIA FOR ISOLATION OF MICROORGANISMS 14 SOME METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF BACTERIA EXPERIMENT 14 1 SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATIONS EXPERIMENT 14 2 STARCH HYDROLYSIS EXPERIMENT 14 3 THE INDOLE TEST EXPERIMENT 14 4 USE OF KLIGLER IRON AGAR 15 ACTIVITIES OF BACTERIAL ENZYMES EXPERIMENT 15 1 THE ACTIVITY OF UREASE EXPERIMENT 15 2 THE ACTIVITY OF CATALASE EXPERIMENT 15 3 THE ACTIVITY OF OXIDASE EXPERIMENT 15 4 THE ACTIVITY OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE (DNASE) EXPERIMENT 15 5 THE ACTIVITY OF A DEAMINASE 16 ANTIGEN IMMUNOASSAYS FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS 17 PRINCIPLES OF NUCLEIC ACID ASSAYS AND MULTIPLEX SYNDROME PANEL TESTING FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 18 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI 19 STAPHYLOCOCCI EXPERIMENT 19 1 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCI EXPERIMENT 19 2 STAPHYLOCOCCI IN THE NORMAL FLORA CASE STUDY: COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED METHICILLIN- RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS 20 STREPTOCOCCI, PNEUMOCOCCI, AND ENTEROCOCCI EXPERIMENT 20 1 IDENTIFICATION OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI (STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES) CASE STUDY: A CASE OF PHARYNGITIS EXPERIMENT 20 2 THE CAMP TEST FOR GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI (STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE) EXPERIMENT 20 3 IDENTIFICATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI (STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE) CASE STUDY: A CASE OF PNEUMONIA WITH MENINGITIS EXPERIMENT 20 4 IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROCOCCI EXPERIMENT 20 5 STREPTOCOCCI IN THE NORMAL FLORA 21 HAEMOPHILUS, CORYNEBACTERIA, AND BORDETELLA EXPERIMENT 21 1 HAEMOPHILUS EXPERIMENT 21 2 CORYNEBACTERIA EXPERIMENT 21 3 BORDETELLA CASE STUDY: A SCHOOL-ASSOCIATED PERTUSSIS OUTBREAK 22 CLINICAL SPECIMENS FROM THE RESPIRATORY TRACT EXPERIMENT 22 1 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF A SORE THROAT EXPERIMENT 22 2 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA EXPERIMENT 22 3 ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST OF AN ISOLATE FROM A CLINICAL SPECIMEN 23 THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (ENTERIC BACILLI) AND OTHER CLINICALLY IMPORTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI EXPERIMENT 23 1 IDENTIFICATION OF PURE CULTURES OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM THE NORMAL INTESTINAL FLORA EXPERIMENT 23 2 ISOLATION TECHNIQUES FOR ENTERIC PATHOGENS CASE STUDY: A CASE OF DIARRHEA EXPERIMENT 23 3 IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES FOR ENTERIC PATHOGENS EXPERIMENT 23 4 SEROLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF ENTERIC ORGANISMS EXPERIMENT 23 5 TECHNIQUES TO DISTINGUISH NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM ENTEROBACTERIACEAE EXPERIMENT 23 6 RAPID METHODS FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION 24 CLINICAL SPECIMENS FROM THE INTESTINAL TRACT EXPERIMENT 24 1 CULTURING A FECAL SAMPLE EXPERIMENT 24 2 IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN ENTERIC ORGANISM EXPERIMENT 24 3 ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST OF AN ENTERIC ORGANISM 25 URINE CULTURE TECHNIQUES EXPERIMENT 25 1 EXAMINATION AND QUALITATIVE CULTURE OF VOIDED URINE EXPERIMENT 25 2 QUANTITATIVE URINE CULTURE CASE STUDY: A CASE OF CYSTITIS 26 NEISSERIA AND SPIROCHETES EXPERIMENT 26 1 NEISSERIA EXPERIMENT 26 2 SPIROCHETES CASE STUDY: A CASE OF A PATIENT WITH A BULL’S-EYE SKIN LESION 27 CLINICAL SPECIMENS FROM BLOOD CASE STUDY: THREE PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES PART FOUR MICROBIAL PATHOGENS REQUIRING SPECIAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES; SERODIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE; PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF INFECTION PREVENTION EXERCISES 28 ANAEROBIC BACTERIA CASE STUDY: A CASE OF DIARRHEA IN A HOSPITALIZED PATIENT 29 MYCOBACTERIA EXPERIMENT 29 1 MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS EXPERIMENT 29 2 CULTURING A SPUTUM SPECIMEN FOR MYCOBACTERIA CASE STUDY: A CASE OF PNEUMONIA IN A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM 30 MYCOPLASMAS, RICKETTSIAE, CHLAMYDIAE, VIRUSES, AND PRIONS 31 FUNGI: YEASTS AND MOLDS 32 PROTOZOA AND ANIMAL PARASITES 33 SERODIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 34 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF INFECTION PREVENTION EXPERIMENT 34 1 NASAL SURVEILLANCE CULTURES FOR MRSA SELECTED LITERATURE AND SOURCES