MICROBIAL CORROSION

By W. PAIND

CONTENTS BASIC CORROSION FUNDAMENTALS, ASPECTS AND CURRENTLY APPLIED STRATEGIES FOR CORROSION MITIGATION INTRODUCTION CORROSION: PROBLEM DE?NITION DEVELOPMENTS IN CORROSION SCIENCE IMPACT OF CORROSION ON ECONOMY AND LIFE FORMS OF CORROSION SWEET CORROSION OR CO2 CORROSION SOUR CORROSION UNIFORM OR GENERAL CORROSION LOCALIZED CORROSION PITTING CORROSION CREVICE CORROSION GALVANIC CORROSION EROSION CORROSION OXYGEN CORROSION SELECTIVE LEACHING OR DEALLOYING MICROBIAL CORROSION ENGINEERING MATERIALS CARBON STEEL MILD STEEL FERROUS AND STEEL ALLOYS NON-FERROUS METALS CORROSION TESTS METAL SAMPLE PREPARATION CORROSION TEST MEDIUM GRAVIMETRIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS CORROSION MITIGATION STRATEGIES PAINTS AND COATINGS CORROSION INHIBITORS CATHODIC PROTECTION USE OF CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES THE CATASTROPHIC BATTLE OF BIOFOULING IN OIL AND GAS FACILITIES: IMPACTS, HISTORY, INVOLVED MICROORGANISMS, BIOCIDES AND POLYMER COATINGS TO COMBAT BIOFOULING DE?NITION AND IMPACTS OF BIOFOULING MEDICAL SECTOR MARINE SECTOR INDUSTRIAL SECTOR MICROBIAL BIOFOULING HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON MICROBIAL CORROSION MECHANISM AND MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN BIOTIC/AEROBIC MICROBIAL CORROSION MECHANISM AND MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN ABIOTIC/ANAEROBIC MICROBIAL CORROSION MACROBIAL BIOFOULING FACTORS AFFECTING BIOFOULING PROCESS METALS SUSCEPTIBLE TO BIOFOULING COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS STAINLESS STEEL ALUMINIUM-BASED AND NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS TITANIUM-BASED ALLOYS ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS USED FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL CORROSION MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAYS ELECTROCHEMICAL ASSAYS SURFACE ANALYSIS ASSAYS MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAYS OTHER SPECTROSCOPIC ASSAYS USE OF BIOCIDES TO COMBAT BIOFOULING OXIDIZING BIOCIDES NON-OXIDIZING BIOCIDES RECENT RESEARCH TOWARDS GREEN BIOCIDES EXTRACTS OF PLANT BIOMATERIALS AS BIOCIDES MICRO- AND MACRO-ALGAE AND SEAWEEDS INHIBITION OF QUORUM SENSING TO COMBAT BIOFOULING BIOFOULING INHIBITION BY MICROORGANISMS USE OF POLYMER COATINGS TO COMBAT BIOCORROSION EMPHASIS ON THE DEVASTATING IMPACTS OF MICROBIAL BIO?LMS IN OIL AND GAS FACILITIES BIO?LM DE?NITION AND COMPOSITION DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF BIO?LMS ESTIMATED ECONOMICAL COSTS DUE TO BIO?LM FORMATION IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED FOR BIO?LM CHARACTERIZATION CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY (CLSM) SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (EM) SCANNING TRANSMISSION X-RAY, ATOMIC FORCE, SOFT X-RAY AND DIGITAL TIME-LAPSE MICROSCOPY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY CHARACTERIZATION OF EPS MULTIPLE ROLES OF BIO?LMS IN MICROBIAL CORROSION PREVENTION OF BIO?LM FORMATION INCORPORATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL NANOMATERIALS POLYMER COATINGS NATURALLY OCCURRING ANTIBACTERIAL SURFACES AND THEIR BIOMIMETIC COUNTERPARTS ANTI-ADHESIVE SURFACES CORROSION AND BIOFOULING MITIGATION USING NANOTECHNOLOGY METAL NANOPARTICLES ZERO VALENT IRON NANOPARTICLES (ZVI) NPS GOLD NANOPARTICLES (AUNPS) SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AGNPS) COBALT NANOPARTICLES (CONPS) COPPER NANOPARTICLES (CUNPS) CARBON BASED NANOMATERIALS (NMS) FULLERENES CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTS) METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES COBALT OXIDE NPS IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (IO) NPS ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (ZNO NPS) TITANIUM OXIDE NPS (TIO2 NPS) CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (CEO2) NPS NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS APPROACHES TOP-DOWN APPROACH BOTTOM-UP APPROACH APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY SCIENCE IN GAS AND OIL INDUSTRIES APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DRILLING AND HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OF FLUIDS FORMULATION OF NANO-EMULSIONS FOR CEMENT SPACERS VIA NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN OPERATIONS’ LOGGING CONTROL OF FORMATION FINES DURING PRODUCTION VIA NANOTECHNOLOGY HYDROCARBON DETECTION USING NANOTECHNOLOGY ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY APPLICATIONS APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CORROSION AND BIOFOULING INHIBITION CONCLUSIONS AND CHALLENGES FACING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES BIOLOGICALLY FABRICATED NANOMATERIALS FOR MITIGATION OF BIOFOULING IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES DE?NITION OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES EMPLOYED FOR GENERATION OF NPS USE OF MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF NPS USING ALGAE USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS FOR NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS (PHYTONANOTECHNOLOGY) USE OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS CRITICAL PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF NPS EMPLOYMENT OF BIOLOGICALLY SYNTHESIZED NANOPARTICLES AS BIOCIDES AND CORROSION INHIBITORS