HIGHER MEDICAL CULTURE
CONTENTS PART I THOMAS PERCIVAL’S MEDICAL ETHICS AND THE INVENTION OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM WHAT PERCIVAL INHERITS: JOHN GREGORY’S MORAL REVOLUTION AGAINST THE LONG TRADITION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MEDICINE IN THE HISTORY OF WESTERN MEDICINE ORIGINS OF THOMAS PERCIVAL’S PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE IN JOHN GREGORY’S PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE A METHODOLOGIC NOTE: HISTORICALLY BASED, PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF TEXTS THE DISCOVERY OF ETHICAL CONCEPTS THE INVENTION OF ETHICAL CONCEPTS THE QUEST FOR CERTAINTY AND THE QUEST FOR RELIABILITY THE LONG TRADITION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MEDICINE IN THE HISTORY OF WESTERN MEDICINE HIPPOCRATIC ENTREPRENEURIALISM THE ROYAL COLLEGES: GUILD ENTREPRENEURIALISM DE CAUTELIS MEDICI: CAUTIOUS ENTREPRENEURIALISM MEDICUS POLITICUS: POLITIC ENTREPRENEURIALISM ANOMALIES FOR THE PARADIGM OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE: UNACCOUNTABLE POWER AND DISTRUST JOHN GREGORY’S REVOLUTIONARY INVENTION OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE GREGORY’S INVENTION OF THE FIRST COMMITMENT OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AS A PROFESSION BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH INTELLECTUAL AUTHORITY IN BACON’S PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE INTELLECTUAL AUTHORITY IN GREGORY’S PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE GREGORY’S FIRST PARADIGM SHIFT GREGORY’S INVENTION OF THE SECOND COMMITMENT OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AS A PROFESSION MEN OF “INTEREST” GREGORY ON THE PHYSIOLOGIC PRINCIPLE OF SYMPATHY DAVID HUME’S BACONIAN MORAL SCIENCE ON THE PRINCIPLE OF SYMPATHY JOHN GREGORY’S BACONIAN MORAL SCIENCE OF SYMPATHY AND ITS PROFESSIONAL VIRTUES OF TENDERNESS AND STEADINESS GREGORY’S SECOND PARADIGM SHIFT GREGORY’S INVENTION OF THE THIRD COMMITMENT OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AS A PROFESSION THE “CORPORATION SPIRIT” AND GUILD SELF-INTERESTS GREGORY’S THIRD PARADIGM SHIFT GREGORY’S INVENTION OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE GREGORY’S PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF CLINICAL RESEARCH CONCLUSION: GREGORY’S MORAL REVOLUTION AGAINST ENTREPRENEURIAL MEDICINE AN INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS PERCIVAL A METHODOLOGICAL NOTE THOMAS PERCIVAL OF WARRINGTON AND MANCHESTER THE PERCIVAL FAMILY IN WARRINGTON PERCIVAL’S FIRST SEVENTEEN YEARS PERCIVAL: THE FIRST STUDENT AT WARRINGTON ACADEMY EDINBURGH, LONDON, LEYDEN, AND A TOUR OF THE NETHERLANDS AND FRANCE WARRINGTON AND MARRIAGE TO ELIZABETH BASSNETT OF LONDON MANCHESTER: THE ENGLISH ENLIGHTENMENT COMMITMENT TO IMPROVEMENT USING BACONIAN SCIENCE PERCIVAL’S INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL FORMATION THE ENGLISH NATIONAL ENLIGHTENMENT WARRINGTON ACADEMY THE DISSENTING ACADEMIES AND THE CURRICULUM OF THE WARRINGTON ACADEMY PERCIVAL’S TEACHERS AT THE WARRINGTON ACADEMY “SUBJECTS WHICH HAVE A CONNECTION … EXPLAINED IN A REGULAR SYSTEM” CONDESCENSION OF GENTLEMEN OF THE HIGHER SOCIAL CLASSES TO THE POOR “YOU DO CONSTANTLY, CAREFULLY, IMPARTIALLY, AND CONSCIENTIOUSLY ATTEND TO EVIDENCE” PERCIVAL’S WRITINGS DISSERTATIO MEDICA INAUGURALIS DE FRIGORE (1765) PERCIVAL’S ADOPTION OF THE FIRST COMMITMENT OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AS A PROFESSION ESSAYS MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL ESSAYS MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL: PART I ESSAYS MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL: PART II ESSAYS MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL: PART III ESSAYS MEDICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL: PART IV WRITINGS ON POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY: BACONIAN POLITY BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS THE MORAL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN A FATHER’S INSTRUCTIONS THE GENRE OF PATERNAL ADVICE PERCIVAL’S THREE GOALS GENRES INCLUDED SYMPATHY FOR ANIMALS AND THE ETHICS OF ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION THE REGULATORY VIRTUES OF TENDERNESS AND STEADINESS PERCIVAL’S ADOPTION OF THE SECOND COMMITMENT OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AS A PROFESSION CONDESCENSION AND AUTHORITY OPPOSITION TO ENSLAVEMENT OF PERSONS BACONIAN PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 25110 PERCIVAL’S ADOPTION OF THE THIRD COMMITMENT OF THE ETHICAL CONCEPT OF MEDICINE AS A PROFESSION 25111 THEODICY 25112 A PERSISTENT THEME: STOICISM 25113 APPETITES 25114 WHIMSY MORAL AND LITERARY DISSERTATIONS; CHIE?Y INTENDED AS A SEQUEL TO A FATHER’S INSTRUCTIONS (1788) ON THE IN?UENCE OF HABIT AND ASSOCIATION ON INCONSISTENCY OF EXPECTATIONS IN LITERARY PURSUITS ON THE BEAUTIES OF NATURE AND ON A GENERAL TASTE FOR THE FINE ARTS OF THE INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL CONDUCT OF EXPERIMENTAL PURSUITS CONCLUSION: PERCIVAL: LIFE-LONG COMMITTED BACONIAN SCIENTIST DISSENTER AND DEIST BACONIAN PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BACONIAN PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE IMPROVEMENT OF MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS DISCOURSE OF PEACE INVENTING NEW WORDS AND CHANGING THE MEANING OF EXISTING WORDS HOSPITAL POLITY A WAY OF LIFE THOMAS PERCIVAL JOINS GREGORY’S MORAL REVOLUTION AGAINST THE LONG TRADITION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MEDICINE IN THE HISTORY OF WESTERN MEDICINE HOW EVENTS AT MANCHESTER IN?RMARY RESULTED IN PERCIVAL WRITING MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND THEN MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE A “CODE” THREE MODELS DELAY IN COMPLETING MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL ETHICS, OR A CODE OF INSTITUTES AND PRECEPTS, ADAPTED TO THE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS TITLE CHANGE FORMAT: FOUR CHAPTERS, “ON HOSPITAL DUTIES,” AND NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS DEDICATIONS TO SIR GEORGE BAKER AND TO EDWARD CROPPER PERCIVAL PREFACE THE TEXT OF MEDICAL ETHICS: CHAPTER I: OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT, RELATIVE TO HOSPITALS, OR OTHER MEDICAL CHARITIES THE TEXT OF MEDICAL ETHICS: CHAPTER II: OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT IN PRIVATE, OR GENERAL PRACTICE THE TEXT OF MEDICAL ETHICS: CHAPTER III: OF THE CONDUCT OF PHYSICIANS TOWARDS APOTHECARIES THE TEXT OF MEDICAL ETHICS: CHAPTER IV: OF PROFESSIONAL DUTIES, IN CERTAIN CASES WHICH REQUIRE A KNOWLEDGE OF LAW POLITICAL ETHICS BACONIAN TESTIMONY THE AUTONOMY OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE FROM STATE POWER A DISCOURSE, ADDRESSED TO THE GENTLEMEN OF THE FACULTY, THE OF?CERS, THE CLERGY, AND THE TRUSTEES OF THE IN?RMARY AT LIVERPOOL, ON THEIR RESPECTIVE HOSPITAL DUTIES BY THE REV THOMAS BASSNETT PERCIVAL, LL B CONCLUSION PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE: THREE COMMITMENTS BACONIAN MORAL SCIENTI?C PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE “INSTITUTES” AND “PRECEPTS” OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE DEISM AND DISSENT IN PERCIVAL’S PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE DEISM: MEDICINE AND RELIGION DISSENT: MEDICINE AND SOCIETY 37 A PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUE’S INSTRUCTIONS THE PLACE OF PERCIVAL’S MEDICAL ETHICS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL ETHICS ACHIEVEMENT: MEDICAL ETHICS AND THE INVENTION OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM RECEPTION RECEPTION IN ENGLAND RECEPTION IN THE UNITED STATES IN?UENCE GREGORY’S AND PERCIVAL’S LEGACY FOR CONTEMPORARY PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN MEDICINE PAINTERS BEFORE AND AFTER CIMABUE BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE PRIVATELY AND PUBLICLY PUBLISHED WORKS OF THOMAS PERCIVAL MANUSCRIPT AND UNPUBLISHED SOURCES ONLINE SOURCES OTHER PUBLISHED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES PART II THREE KEY TEXTS – MEDICAL ETHICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, AND EXTRACTS – TWO CONCORDANCES, AND A CHRONOLOGY THREE KEY TEXTS – MEDICAL ETHICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, AND EXTRACTS 1794 MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE OR A CODE OF ETHICS AND INSTITUTES, ADAPTED TO THE PROFESSIONS OF PHYSIC AND SURGERY 1803 MEDICAL ETHICS OR, A CODE OF INSTITUTES AND PRECEPTS, ADAPTED TO THE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS 1823 EXTRACTS FROM THE MEDICAL ETHICS OF DR PERCIVAL TWO CONCORDANCES CHRONOLOGY