DENTAL TECHNICIAN TECHNICAL MANUAL
1 SAFETY MEASURES IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LAB 2 INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY GLASSWARES 3 BLOOD COLLECTION 4 NORMAL URINE ANALYSIS 5 ABNORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE 6 COLORIMETER 7 ESTIMATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE 8 ESTIMATION OF SERUM TOTAL PROTEINS 9 ESTIMATION OF SERUM ALBUMIN 10 ESTIMATION OF BLOOD UREA 11 ESTIMATION OF SERUM CREATININE 12 ESTIMATION OF SERUM CHOLESTEROL 13 ESTIMATION OF HDL-C 14 ESTIMATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES 15 ESTIMATION OF SERUM BILIRUBIN 16 ESTIMATION OF AMINOTRANSFERASES 17 ESTIMATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE 18 ESTIMATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE 19 ESTIMATION OF SERUM AMYLASE 20 ESTIMATION OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES BY ISE 21 ESTIMATION OF SERUM CALCIUM CONTENTS 22 LIVER FUNCTION TESTS 23 RENAL FUNCTION TESTS 24 THYROID FUNCTION TESTS 25 CARDIAC MARKERS 26 ANALYSIS OF RENAL CALCULI 27 GLUCOMETER 28 ESTIMATION OF SERUM URIC ACID 29 ESTIMATION OF CREATINE KINASE 30 ESTIMATION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE 31 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ANALYSIS 32 ELECTROPHORESIS 33 CHROMATOGRAPHY 34 AUTOMATION 35 QUALITY CONTROL 36 MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS 37 ESTIMATION OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS, PBI AND BARBITURATES LABORATORY SAFETY INVOLVES ALL THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE LABORATORY WORKER, LABORATORY OWNER, INSTITUTION AND REGULATORY AGENCIES TO ELIMINATE POTENTIAL HARM TO HUMAN HEALTH AND ENSURE WELL-BEING IT IS VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT ENSURES THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS AND RESEARCHERS IN LABORATORY (FIG 1 1) LAB SAFETY DO’S AND DON’TS DO’S 1 BEFORE STARTING ANY LABORATORY WORK, FOLLOW ALL THE WRITTEN AND VERBAL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 2 THE WORK AREAS OR SURFACES MUST BE DISINFECTED BEFORE AND AFTER USE 3 WEAR THE APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (GLOVES, MASK, ETC ) 4 LONG HAIR SHOULD BE PROPERLY TIED 5 ALWAYS WEAR APRON/LAB COAT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY EXPERIMENT THE LAB COAT SHOULD BE WELL BUTTONED 6 WASTE SHOULD BE DISPOSED AS PER BMW (BIOMEDICAL WASTE) MANAGEMENT CRITERIA 7 ALWAYS TURN OFF THE ELECTRIC INSTRUMENTS AFTER USE SAFETY MEASURES IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LAB FIG 1 1: SAFETY SYMBOLS USED IN THE LABORATORY PRACTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 8 ALL THE CHEMICALS/REAGENTS SHOULD BE WELL-LABELED 9 THE FIRST-AID KIT SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN CASE OF ANY ACCIDENT AND IT SHOULD ALSO BE WELL-MAINTAINED 10 IN CASE OF ANY ACCIDENT, REPORT IT IMMEDIATELY TO THE LAB INCHARGE OR CONCERNED AUTHORITY DON’TS 1 SMOKING, EATING AND DRINKING SHOULD BE ABSOLUTELY PROHIBITED INSIDE THE LABORATORY 2 DO NOT WEAR OPEN-TOED SHOES (SANDALS) IN THE LAB 3 DO NOT POUR THE BIOHAZARD FLUIDS IN THE SINK 4 DO NOT LEAVE THE BUNSEN BURNER/FLAME OPEN AFTER USE 5 USE OF COSMETICS IN THE LABORATORY SHOULD BE PROHIBITED 6 DO NOT DO MOUTH PIPETTING LABORATORY HAZARDS GENERAL HAZARDS IN THE LABORATORY 1 CHEMICAL BURNS THESE ARE CAUSED BY ACCIDENTAL EXPLORE TO ACIDS, ALKALINE AND OTHER CORROSIVE CHEMICALS FOR EXAMPLE: PHENOL, HCL, ETC A ACID BURNS CAUSED BY HCL, H2SO4, HNO3, ETC FIRST AID WASH THE INFLAMED SKIN WITH TAP WATER APPLY 5% NAHCO3 AND RINSE WITH 5% SOAP WATER SOLUTION B ALKALI BURNS MORE SERIOUS THAN ACID BURNS FIRST AID WASH AFFECTED SKIN WITH TAP WATER USE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MIXTURE WITH WATER CONTACT THE PHYSICIAN 2 EYE BURNS BURNS OF EYE BY ACIDS OR ALKALI IS A CASE OF OCULAR EMERGENCY ALKALI BURNS ARE MORE DANGEROUS THAN ACID BURNS FIRST AID WASH EYES IMMEDIATELY WITH TAP WATER BY HOLDING THE EYELIDS APART CONTACT OPHTHALMOLOGIST TECHNICAL MANUAL DENTAL TECHNICIANS SAFETY MEASURES IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LAB 3 THERMAL BURNS CAUSED BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH OPEN FLAME OR CONTACT WITH HOT OBJECTS LIKE HOT BEAKER, HOT FLASK, ETC FIRST AID COOL THE BURNT AREA WITH A LARGE AMOUNT OF COLD WATER ICE SHOULD NOT BE USED AS IT MAY CAUSE LOSS OF BODY HEAT COVER BURNT AREA WITH STERILIZED DRESSING AND REFER PATIENT TO BURN UNIT FOR FURTHER MEDICATION 4 INJURIES BY BROKEN GLASS FIRST AID WASH THE CUT WOUNDS WITH DILUTE ALCOHOLS APPLY A TIGHT BAND-AID AND CALL FOR A DOCTOR 5 NEEDLE STICK INJURY NEEDLE STICK INJURY MEANS THE ACCIDENTAL PUNCTURE OF SKIN BY A USED NEEDLE FIRST AID AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, WASH THE AREA AROUND THE PUNCTURE FOR AT LEAST 30 SECONDS, USING SOAP AND WARM WATER DO NOT SQUEEZE OR RUB THE AREA AROUND THE PUNCTURE COVER THE SITE WITH A BAND-AID OR SIMILAR DRESSING SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IMMEDIATELY IMPORTANT EXAMINATION QUESTIONS VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS 1 WHAT IS LABORATORY SAFETY? LABORATORY SAFETY INVOLVES ALL THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE LABORATORY WORKER, LABORATORY OWNER, INSTITUTION AND REGULATORY AGENCIES TO ELIMINATE POTENTIAL HARM TO HUMAN HEALTH AND ENSURE WELL-BEING 2 WHY IS LABORATORY SAFETY IMPORTANT? LABORATORY SAFETY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT ENSURES THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS AND RESEARCHERS IN LABORATORY 3 WHAT ARE 4 HAZARDS IN A LABORATORY? CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS 4 ENLIST SOME OF THE SAFETY MEASURES THAT NEED TO BE FOLLOWED IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LAB SOME OF THE SAFETY MEASURES THAT NEED TO BE FOLLOWED IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LAB ARE AS FOLLOWS: WEAR SAFETY GEAR MAINTAIN PERSONAL HYGIENE TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR YOUR PERSONAL SAFETY MAINTAIN A CLEAN WORKSPACE FOLLOW WORK PROCEDURES 2 3% GLASSWARES WHICH ARE COMMONLY USED IN LABORATORY BEAKER BEAKERS ARE USED AS CONTAINERS THEY ARE AVAILABLE IN A VARIETY OF SIZES ALTHOUGH THEY OFTEN POSSESS VOLUME MARKINGS, BUT ARE ONLY ROUGH ESTIMATES OF THE VOLUME THESE MARKINGS ARE NOT NECESSARILY ACCURATE MEASURING CYLINDER IT IS AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT VOLUME RANGING FROM 10 ML TO 2 L THEY ARE USED TO MEASURE VOLUME OF LIQUIDS THEY ARE ALSO COMMONLY USED FOR DILUTIONS AND REAGENT PREPARATION PIPETTES PIPETTES ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT GLASSWARE AND ARE AVAILABLE FROM 0 1 ML TO 25 ML PIPETTES ARE USED TO DELIVER A MEASURED VOLUME OF THE LIQUID INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY GLASSWARES