FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS DISORDERS

By N. JOMAM

CONTENTS SECTION 1 – NEUROLOGICAL CONTROL OF PELVIC ORGAN FUNCTIONS NEUROLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE BLADDER IN HEALTH AND DISEASE NEUROLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE BOWEL IN HEALTH AND DISEASE NEUROLOGICAL CONTROL OF SEXUAL FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE SECTION 2 – EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT APPROACH AND EVALUATION OF NEUROGENIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION GENERAL MEASURES AND NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES NEUROGENIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION: PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONAL APPROACHES NEUROGENIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION: SURGICAL INTERVENTIONAL APPROACHES APPROACH AND EVALUATION OF NEUROGENIC BOWEL DYSFUNCTION NEUROGENIC BOWEL MANAGEMENT 10 EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NEUROGENIC SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION SECTION 3 – SPECIFIC CONDITIONS 11 CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL DISORDERS 12 PARKINSON’S DISEASE 13 MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY 14 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND OTHER NON-COMPRESSIVE MYELOPATHIES 15 SPINAL CORD INJURY 16 SPINA BIFIDA AND TETHERED CORD SYNDROME 17 PELVIC ORGAN DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING CAUDA EQUINA DAMAGE 18 NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS 19 URINARY RETENTION CONTENTS SECTION CHAPTER SPINAL CORD (FIG 1 5) THE MAIN SYMPATHETIC NEUROTRANSMITTER IS NOREPINEPHRINE, WHICH ACTS ON ?-ADRENORECEPTORS RESULTING IN CONTRACTION OF THE BLADDER BASE AND URETHRAL SMOOTH MUSCLE TO FIG 1 1 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF A HUMAN BLADDER SPECIMEN OBTAINED VIA FLEXIBLE CYSTOSCOPY WITH THE PAN-NEURONAL MARKER PGP9 5 DEPICTS THE DENSE NETWORK OF SUBUROTHELIAL NERVE FIBERS LAYING IMMEDIATELY BELOW THE BASAL LAMINA OF THE UROTHELIUM ABBREVIATIONS: UROTH ¼ UROTHELIUM, SUBURO ¼ SUBUROTHELIUM SEE PLATE SECTION FOR COLOR VERSION