DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER SUMMARY ORGANIZATION OF THE MONOGRAPH REFERENCES BONE ARCHITECTURE 2 2 1 CORTICAL BONE 2 2 2 TRABECULAR BONE 2 2 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANATOMICAL LOCATIONS, AGES, AND GENDERS ULTRASTRUCTURE/COMPOSITION OF BONE 2 3 1 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF BONE 2 3 2 CONSTITUENTS OF BONE 2 3 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANATOMICAL LOCATIONS, AGES, AND GENDERS 2 4 1 DIFFERENCES IN TISSUE ARCHITECTURE 2 4 2 DIFFERENCES IN TISSUE COMPOSITION/ULTRASTRUCTURE SUMMARY REFERENCES 2 CURRENT MECHANICALTEST METHODOLOGIES 3 2 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 3 2 2 ELASTICITY 3 2 3 POST-YIELD PROPERTIES 3 2 4 FAILURE 3 2 5 FATIGUE 3 2 6 VISCOELASTICITY 3 3 1 TENSILE/COMPRESSIVE TEST 3 3 2 TORSION (SHEAR) TEST 3 3 3 3-POINT AND 4-POINT BENDING TEST 3 3 4 PROGRESSIVE LOADING 3 3 5 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TEST 3 3 6 CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTS 3 3 7 FATIGUE TEST 3 3 8 VISCOELASTIC TEST MICRO-MECHANICAL TESTING METHODOLOGIES REFERENCES 6 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BONE 4 3 1 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MACROSCOPIC BONE 4 3 2 POST-YIELD PROPERTIES OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MACROSCOPIC BONE 4 3 3 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MACROSCOPIC BONE 4 3 4 VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MACROSCOPIC BONE 4 3 5 FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MACROSCOPIC BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE AT THE MICROSCOPIC LEVEL 4 4 1 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MICROSCOPIC BONE 4 4 2 POST-YIELD BEHAVIOR OF CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR MICROSCOPIC BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE AND COLLAGEN PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BONE TO FUNCTIONAL LOADING CONCLUDING REMARKS REFERENCES 1 0 STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SCAFFOLDS FOR BONETISSUE REGENERATION SYNTHETIC POLYMERS 5 2 1 DETERMINANTS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC POLYMERS 5 2 2 EXAMPLES OF SYNTHETIC POLYMERS FOR BONE REGENERATION 5 2 3 DETERMINANTS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURALLY DERIVED POLYMERS 5 2 4 EXAMPLES OF NATURALLY DERIVED POLYMERS FOR BONE REGENERATION 5 3 1 DETERMINANTS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS 5 3 2 EXAMPLES OF CERAMICS FOR BONE REGENERATION 5 3 3 EXAMPLES OF CERAMIC-POLYMER COMPOSITES FOR BONE REGENERATION METALS 5 4 1 DETERMINANTS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS 5 4 2 EXAMPLES OF METALS FOR BONE REGENERATION CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1 3 MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF REPAIR/TISSUE ENGINEERED BONE IN VITRO BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF FRACTURE REPAIR 6 2 1 TORSIONAL TEST 6 2 2 BENDING 6 2 3 TENSION 6 2 4 COMPRESSION 6 2 5 MICRO/NANO INDENTATION TESTS IN VIVO STIFFNESS MONITORING OF HEALING BONE 6 4 1 X-RAY (PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY) 6 4 2 DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA) 6 4 3 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) AND QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (QCT) 6 4 4 MICRO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (MICRO-CT) NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF FRACTURE HEALING REFERENCES 1 6 7 2 1 IN?AMMATION 7 2 2 SOFT TISSUE REPAIR 7 2 3 CALCI?ED CARTILAGE FUSING THE FRACTURE GAP 7 2 4 REMODELING OF THE CALLUS INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATION IN THE CRITICAL SIZED DEFECT BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REPAIR/TISSUE ENGINEERED BONE 7 4 1 TORSIONAL PROPERTIES 7 4 2 BENDING PROPERTIES 7 4 3 TENSILE PROPERTIES 7 4 4 COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF FRACTURE CALLUS BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TISSUE ENGINEERED BONE REFERENCES 1 8 IDEAL SCAFFOLD SYSTEM FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING 8 2 1 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF SCAFFOLD 8 2 2 NON BIODEGRADABLE SCAFFOLDS 8 2 3 BIODEGRADABLE SCAFFOLDS 8 2 4 OSTEOINDUCTIVITY/OSTEOCONDUCTIVITY 8 2 5 MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT 8 3 1 CELL SEEDING 8 3 2 MASS TRANSPORT 8 3 3 PHYSICAL CONDITIONING 8 3 4 BIOLOGICAL/BIOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT MECHANOBIOLOGY IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING 8 4 1 MECHANOBIOLOGY 8 4 2 MECHANOSENSATION 8 4 3 MECHANOTRANSDUCTION REFERENCES 2 0