THE CANADIAN DENTAL DIRECTORY
PART I THE MANAGEMENT, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE THE STRUCTURE OF THE NHS 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 1 FUNDING STREAMS 1 2 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DH) 1 2 1 SECRETARY OF STATE FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 1 2 2 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 1 2 3 NHS ENGLAND 1 2 4 CLINICAL COMMISSIONING GROUPS 1 2 5 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE (NICE) 1 2 6 NHS IMPROVEMENT 1 2 7 HEALTH AND WELLBEING BOARDS 1 2 8 CARE QUALITY COMMISSION 1 2 9 PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND 1 2 10 OTHER IMPORTANT ORGANISATIONS 1 3 HOSPITAL STRUCTURES 1 3 1 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FURTHER READINGS QUALITY, EFFICIENCY AND VALUE IN THE NHS 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 QUALITY IN THE NHS 2 2 1 NHS IMPROVEMENT QUALITY 2 2 2 NHS IMPROVEMENT (NHSI) 2 2 3 COMMISSIONING FOR QUALITY AND INNOVATION 2 2 4 QUALITY PREMIUM 2 2 5 HEALTHCARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PARTNERSHIP 2 2 6 NATIONAL VOICES 2 2 7 NATIONAL CON?DENTIAL ENQUIRY INTO PATIENT OUTCOME AND DEATH CONTENTS 2 2 8 QUALITY AND OUTCOMES FRAMEWORK 2 2 9 NATIONAL QUALITY BOARD 2 2 10 PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES 2 3 EF?CIENCY MODELS IN HEALTHCARE 2 3 1 THE LEAN MODEL 2 3 2 MCKINSEY 7S FRAMEWORK 2 3 3 KOTTER’S 8-STEP CHANGE MODEL 2 3 4 LEWIN’S CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODEL 2 3 5 THE CONGRUENCE MODEL 2 3 6 THE BURKE–LITWIN MODEL 2 3 7 WEISBORD’S SIX-BOX MODEL 2 4 PURPOSE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN THE NHS 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 NICE 3 3 NICE DECISION MAKING 3 3 1 CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS 3 3 2 COST-EFFECTIVENESS 3 3 3 SOCIAL VALUE JUDGEMENTS 3 3 4 IMPLEMENTING A NEW PRACTICE HEALTHCARE REGULATION IN THE UK 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 THE ROYAL COLLEGES 4 3 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE REGULATORS 4 3 1 THE GENERAL CHIROPRACTIC COUNCIL 4 3 2 THE GENERAL DENTAL COUNCIL 4 3 3 THE GENERAL MEDICAL COUNCIL 4 3 4 THE GENERAL OPTICAL COUNCIL 4 3 5 THE GENERAL OSTEOPATHIC COUNCIL 4 3 6 THE GENERAL PHARMACEUTICAL COUNCIL 4 3 7 THE HEALTH AND CARE PROFESSIONS COUNCIL 4 3 8 THE NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COUNCIL 4 3 9 THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN IRELAND 4 3 10 THE SOCIAL WORK ENGLAND 4 4 REQUIREMENTS FOR PRACTISING MEDICINE IN THE UK 4 4 1 PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION 4 4 2 REGISTRATION FOR DOCTORS WITH EUROPEAN QUALI?CATIONS 4 4 3 REGISTRATION FOR DOCTORS WITH INTERNATIONAL QUALI?CATIONS CONTENTS STAFFING IN THE NHS 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 RECRUITMENT 5 3 ROLE OF CONSULTANTS IN THE NHS 5 3 1 SUMMARY OF THE KEY ROLES OF AN NHS CONSULTANT 5 4 JOB PLANNING 5 4 1 DIRECT CLINICAL CARE AND SUPPORTING PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES 5 5 APPRAISALS 5 6 REVALIDATION ETHICAL PRACTICE AND MEDICO-LEGAL THEMES IN THE NHS 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 ETHICS IN EVERYDAY PRACTICE 6 3 CON?DENTIALITY AND CONSENT 6 3 1 CONSENT TO RELEASE INFORMATION 6 3 2 AUTHORITY TO ACCESS CON?DENTIAL INFORMATION 6 4 CONSENT FOR TREATMENT 6 4 1 PATIENT’S CONSENT TO TREATMENT 6 4 2 CONSENT FOR THE USE OF HUMAN TISSUE 6 4 3 CONSENT FOR CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHY/VIDEO RECORDINGS 6 4 4 CONSENT FOR FERTILITY TREATMENTS 6 5 REPORTING: DUTY OF CANDOUR 6 6 PROOF OF NEGLIGENCE CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS AND CLINICAL AUDIT 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS 7 2 1 THE STAGES OF CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS 7 3 CLINICAL GOVERNANCE 7 3 1 RESEARCH GOVERNANCE 7 3 2 NON-NHS RESEARCH PROJECTS 7 4 CLINICAL AUDIT 7 4 1 CLASSI?CATION OF CLINICAL AUDITS 7 4 2 THE CLINICAL AUDIT CYCLE 7 4 3 ADVANTAGES OF CLINICAL AUDIT 7 4 4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLINICAL AUDIT AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 7 4 5 NATIONAL CLINICAL AUDITS 7 5 ACHIEVING CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS TRAINEE PERFORMANCE AND ASSESSMENT IN THE NHS 8 1 INTRODUCTION 8 2 THE STRUCTURE 8 2 1 THE REGULATORS 8 2 2 POSTGRADUATE TRAINING BODIES 8 3 THE PROCESS 8 3 1 PRE-CCT APPRAISAL 8 3 2 POST-CCT APPRAISAL 8 3 3 NATIONAL CLINICAL ASSESSMENT SERVICE CLINICAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE NHS 9 1 INTRODUCTION 9 2 NATIONAL AGENCIES 9 2 1 THE NHS COMMISSIONING BOARD SPECIAL HEALTH AUTHORITY 9 2 2 THE NATIONAL CLINICAL ASSESSMENT SERVICE 9 3 SERIOUS INCIDENTS 9 3 1 TYPES OF SERIOUS INCIDENTS 9 3 2 MANAGEMENT OF A SERIOUS INCIDENT 9 4 MANAGEMENT OF A LITIGATION CASE IN ACUTE TRUSTS 9 5 RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN UK TRUSTS 9 5 1 RISK REGISTER PROCESSES 10 DATA PROTECTION AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION 10 1 INTRODUCTION 10 2 CON?DENTIALITY CODE OF PRACTICE 10 3 DATA PROTECTION ACT 2018 10 3 1 DE?NING PERSONAL DATA 10 3 2 DATA PROTECTION AIMS 10 3 3 DATA PROTECTION PRINCIPLES 10 3 4 CALDICOTT PRINCIPLES 10 3 5 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998 AND 2018 10 3 6 OTHER DATA PROTECTION PRINCIPLES PART II MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS 11 MANAGEMENT OF AN UNDERPERFORMING ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL 11 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 GENERAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES CONTENTS 11 3 MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO THIS SCENARIO 11 3 1 STAGE 1 OF THE FORMAL PROCESS 11 3 2 STAGE 2 OF THE FORMAL PROCESS 11 3 3 STAGE 3 OF THE FORMAL PROCESS 11 4 THE APPEALS PROCESS 11 5 TRUST POLICIES 12 MANAGEMENT OF AN INJURY SUSTAINED AT WORK 12 1 INTRODUCTION 12 1 1 RISK ASSESSMENT 12 1 2 RISK MANAGEMENT 12 1 3 HAZARD 12 1 4 RISK 12 2 MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO THIS SCENARIO 12 3 LEGISLATIONS 12 4 TRUST POLICIES 13 MANAGEMENT OF CLINICAL INCIDENT AT WORK 13 1 INTRODUCTION 13 2 CLINICAL INCIDENTS 13 3 MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO THIS SCENARIO 13 4 EXTERNAL REPORTING 13 5 TRUST POLICIES 13 6 NHS ENGLAND LEGISLATIONS FOR SERIOUS INCIDENT FRAMEWORK AND NEVER EVENTS 14 MANAGEMENT OF JUSTIFYING EXISTING LEVELS OF CARE 14 1 INTRODUCTION 14 2 CLINICAL COMMISSIONING GROUPS AND FUNDING STREAMS 14 2 1 FUNDING FORMULAS 14 2 2 PERSON-BASED RESOURCE ALLOCATOR 14 2 3 CURRENT ALLOCATION STRATEGY FOR CCGS 14 3 MANAGEMENT SEQUENCE FOR THIS SCENARIO 14 4 FURTHER READING 15 MANAGEMENT OF A SUSPECTED VICTIM OF PHYSICAL ABUSE 15 1 INTRODUCTION 15 2 TYPES OF ABUSE 15 3 SIGNS OF CHILD ABUSE 15 3 1 PHYSICAL ABUSE 15 3 2 EMOTIONAL ABUSE 15 3 3 SEXUAL ABUSE 15 3 4 NEGLECT 15 4 MANAGEMENT OF CHILD ABUSE IN A CLINICAL SETTING 15 5 RELEVANT TRUST POLICIES 15 6 LEGISLATIONS CONTENTS 16 MANAGEMENT OF A BREACH OF DATA CONFIDENTIALITY 16 1 INTRODUCTION 16 2 DATA PROTECTION 16 2 1 OBTAINING CONSENT 16 2 2 WHEN IS CONSENT NOT NECESSARY? 16 2 3 THE INFORMATION COMMISSIONER’S OF?CE (ICO) 16 2 4 THE NATIONAL INFORMATION GOVERNANCE BOARD FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE (NIGB) 16 2 5 UK CALDICOTT GUARDIAN COUNCIL 16 3 MANAGEMENT OF LOSS OF PATIENT IDENTI?ABLE DATA 16 4 LEGISLATION AND TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 17 MANAGEMENT OF A FORMAL COMPLAINT 17 1 INTRODUCTION 17 2 COMPLAINTS 17 3 MANAGEMENT OF A COMPLAINT 17 4 TAKING THE COMPLAINT FURTHER 17 5 LEGISLATION AND TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES FURTHER READING 18 MANAGEMENT OF A CONTAMINATED NEEDLESTICK INJURY 18 1 INTRODUCTION 18 2 INCIDENCE OF NEEDLESTICK INJURIES 18 3 NEEDLESTICK INJURIES AND BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS 18 4 REDUCING THE RISK OF TRANSITION 18 5 HIGHER RISK GROUPS 18 6 PROTOCOL FOR A HEALTHCARE WORKER EXPOSED TO HIGH-RISK BLOOD SAMPLE 18 7 PROTOCOL FOR A HEALTHCARE WORKER EXPOSED TO A LOW-RISK OR STALE BLOOD SAMPLE 18 8 IMMEDIATE MANAGEMENT OF A SHARPS INJURY 18 9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE MANAGEMENT OF A NEEDLESTICK INJURY 18 10 LEGISLATION AND TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 19 MANAGEMENT OF STAFF WITH REPEATED EPISODES OF ABSENTEEISM 19 1 INTRODUCTION 19 2 MAIN TYPES OF LEAVE ENTITLEMENTS 19 2 1 MATERNITY LEAVE 19 2 2 PATERNITY LEAVE 19 3 MANAGEMENT OF COLLEAGUES WITH REPEATED EPISODES OF ABSENTEEISM 19 4 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES CONTENTS 20 MANAGEMENT OF A NEW BUSINESS CASE 20 1 INTRODUCTION 20 2 BUSINESS CASES 20 3 MANAGEMENT OF APPLYING FOR A NEW MEMBER OF STAFF 20 4 MAIN SOURCES OF INCOME GENERATION AND SAVINGS WITHIN A HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT 20 5 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 21 MANAGEMENT OF A DILEMMA INVOLVING SHARING OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT 21 1 INTRODUCTION 21 2 LEGAL OBLIGATIONS 21 3 MANAGEMENT OF A COLLEAGUE WITH A BLOOD-BORNE VIRUS 21 4 MANAGEMENT OF SCENARIO 21 5 GUIDANCES, LEGISLATIONS AND TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 22 MANAGEMENT OF A NON-COMPLIANT TRAINEE 22 1 INTRODUCTION 22 2 TYPES OF TRAINEE ASSESSMENT TOOLS 22 3 MANAGEMENT OF A NON-COMPLIANT TRAINEE 22 4 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 23 MANAGEMENT OF RECRUITING NEW JUNIOR TRAINEE 23 1 INTRODUCTION 23 2 FOUNDATION YEAR TRAINEES 23 3 MANAGEMENT OF RECRUITING NEW JUNIOR TRAINEES 23 4 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 24 MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED FRAUD IN YOUR DEPARTMENT 24 1 INTRODUCTION 24 2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 24 3 MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED FRAUD AT WORK 24 4 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 25 MANAGEMENT OF VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION AT WORK 25 1 INTRODUCTION 25 2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 25 3 MANAGEMENT OF VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION AT WORK 25 4 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 26 MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH TOURISM IN YOUR DEPARTMENT 26 1 INTRODUCTION 26 2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 26 3 MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS 26 3 1 MANAGEMENT OF OUTPATIENTS APPOINTMENTS 26 4 PATIENTS FROM COUNTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA 26 5 TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES AND RELEVANT DOCUMENTS CONTENTS 27 MANAGEMENT OF COLLEAGUES AFFECTED BY STRESS AT WORK 27 1 INTRODUCTION 27 2 STRESS AT WORK 27 3 STEPWISE APPROACH FOLLOWING IDENTI?CATION OF STRESS AT WORK 27 4 LEGISLATIONS AND TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES 27 5 SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION 28 MANAGEMENT OF INAPPROPRIATE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA 28 1 INTRODUCTION 28 2 USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AT WORK 28 3 STEPWISE MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING INCIDENT 28 4 LEGISLATIONS AND TYPICAL TRUST POLICIES