THE GRAVITY OF WEIGHT: A CLINICAL GUIDE TO WEIGHT LOSS AND MAINTENANCE

By PAUL MARTIN

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE UNBEARABLE HEAVINESS OF BEING THE “MINDED BRAIN” THE DIETER AS WELL AS THE DIET OBESITY IN THE UNITED STATES: THE GRAVITY OF THE SITUATION THE METABOLIC SYNDROME CANCER OTHER MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY WEIGHT CYCLING (YO-YO DIETING) FOOD: THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CALORIES CLASSI?CATION OF CARBOHYDRATES GLYCEMIC INDEX HIGH-FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP (HFCS) NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENERS FIBER FATTY ACIDS FAT SUBSTITUTES LIPOPROTEINS AND CHOLESTEROL THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE EATER OBESITY AS A BRAIN DISORDER HOMEOSTASIS, ALLOSTASIS, STRESS, AND THE HPA AXIS PERSONALITY, TEMPERAMENT, AND CHARACTER PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TEMPTATION AND SELF-CONTROL REWARD, CRAVINGS, AND ADDICTION (DOPAMINE, ENDOCANNABINOIDS) THE METABOLIC COMPLEXITIES OF WEIGHT CONTROL GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS THE SET POINT ADIPOSE TISSUE SATIETY HORMONES OF FOOD INTAKE LEPTIN ADIPONECTIN INSULIN, AMYLIN, AND GLUCAGON CHOLECYSTOKININ CONCLUSION PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND WEIGHT CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE? EXCESSIVE WEIGHT AND COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS DIETING AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WEIGHT CYCLING BODY IMAGE, FAT ACCEPTANCE, AND BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER CERTAIN PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES AND COMORBID ABNORMAL WEIGHT HYPOCHONDRIASIS COMORBIDITY OF EATING DISORDERS WITH PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS ALCOHOL AND WEIGHT MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND WEIGHT SOME PHYSICAL CAUSES OF WEIGHT GAIN SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONING AND OBESITY SMOKING AND WEIGHT INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND WEIGHT GAIN MEDICATIONS THAT CAUSE WEIGHT GAIN CELLULITE (GYNOID LIPODYSTROPHY) EXERCISE EXERCISE AND NONEXERCISE ACTIVITY THERMOGENESIS NONEXERCISE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DETERMINANTS OF EXERCISE METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES OF EXERCISE EXERCISE FOR INITIAL WEIGHT LOSS VERSUS MINIMIZING WEIGHT REGAIN EXERCISE AND APPETITE GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXERCISE RECOMMENDATIONS: HOW MUCH, HOW OFTEN, WHAT KIND? CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, SLEEP, AND WEIGHT BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS THE MASTER CLOCK: THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS JET LAG HORMONES, SLEEP, AND WEIGHT OREXINS SLEEP DISRUPTION AND WEIGHT THE NIGHT EATING SYNDROME (DISORDER OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS) 10 DIET AND WEIGHT GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DIET EARLY RESEARCH ANCEL KEYS THERAPEUTIC CALORIE RESTRICTION VERY-LOW-CALORIE DIETS MEAL FREQUENCY AND RATE OF EATING POPULAR DIETS EXAMPLES OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION THE ADVANTAGES AND PERILS OF HIGH-PROTEIN DIETS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO LOW CARBOHYDRATE AND HIGH FAT INTAKE THE ADVANTAGES AND PERILS OF HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIETS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO FAT INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A HEALTHY DIET OUR PSYCHOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP TO WEIGHT AND FOOD PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR WEIGHT INTERPERSONAL THERAPY NEUROLINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING GESTALT THERAPY DIALECTICAL BEHAVIORAL THERAPY RESEARCH ON PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR OBESITY RESEARCH DATA ON PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT STRATEGIES 12 PHARMACOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY A TREATMENT DECISION TREE PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO WEIGHT LOSS SURGICAL APPROACHES BARIATRIC SURGERY