ORAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS
CHAPTER EROSION OF THE TEETH INTRODUCTION CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS HISTOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL FEATURES CLASSI?CATION BY DEPTH OF THE LESION CLASSI?CATION BY ETIOLOGY EROSION CAUSED BY FOOD AND DRINKS EROSION CAUSED BY STOMACH CONTENTS EROSION CAUSED BY AIRBORNE ACIDS IDIOPATHIC EROSION PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT OF EROSION CONCLUSION BACKGROUND LITERATURE REFERENCES PART IV NON-OPERATIVE THERAPY THE CONTROL OF DISEASE PROGRESSION: NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT CAN THE CARIES PROCESS BE PREVENTED? CONTROLLING DISEASE PROGRESSION SHOULD DISEASE CONTROL BE CONSIDERED AS ‘TREATMENT’ OF THE CARIES LESION? WHY USE THE TERM ‘NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT’? DOES THE APPROACH WORK? IS IT COST-EFFECTIVE? ROLE OF ORAL HYGIENE SOME THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF TOOTH CLEANING THE CLINICAL EFFECT OF TOOTH CLEANING THE EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL TOOTH CLEANING THE EFFECT OF DENTAL ?OSSING CONCLUDING REMARKS ANTIMICROBIALS IN CARIES CONTROL DENTAL PLAQUE: THE BIO?LM LIFESTYLE AND THE RATIONALE FOR ANTIMICROBIAL INTERVENTION BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND MODE OF ACTION MODI?CATION OF DENTAL BIO?LM BIOCHEMISTRY AND ECOLOGY VEHICLES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF CARIES-PROPHYLACTIC AGENTS SPECI?C AGENTS OTHER AGENTS PROPOSED FOR CARIES PROPHYLAXIS, BUT WITHOUT DOCUMENTED ANTICARIES EFFECT CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE APPROACHES MIGHT CARIES CONTROL INVOLVE IMMUNIZATION AND GENE THERAPY? DENTAL CARIES VACCINE ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO TARGETING CARIOGENIC BACTERIA NATURAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE TOOTH FLUORIDES IN CARIES CONTROL HOW ?UORIDE CAME INTO DENTISTRY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ?UORIDE DELIVERY CURRENT METHODS OF ?UORIDE DELIVERY APPROPRIATE USE OF ?UORIDE IN CARIES CONTROL SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ?UORIDE-DELIVERY METHODS THE ROLE OF DIETARY CONTROL DIET AND DENTAL CARIES IN HUMANS IN?UENCE OF DIFFERENT INTAKE PATTERNS IN?UENCE OF ?UORIDE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUGARS AND CARIES GROUPS AT INCREASED RISK OF DENTAL CARIES IN RELATION TO DIET RELATIVE CARIOGENICITY OF DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATES NOVEL CARBOHYDRATES AND DENTAL HEALTH PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN FOODS DIET AND DENTAL EROSION PROMOTING GOOD DIETARY HABITS FOR DENTAL HEALTH PART V OPERATIVE INTERVENTION THE ROLE OF OPERATIVE TREATMENT IN CARIES CONTROL WHAT IS HAPPENING IN YOUR DENTAL SCHOOL? THE OUTCOME OF NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT DOES THIS APPROACH ALWAYS WORK? OCCLUSAL SURFACES APPROXIMAL SURFACES RECURRENT CARIES DECIDUOUS TEETH SUMMARY CARIES REMOVAL AND THE PULPO-DENTINAL COMPLEX SUMMARY OF CARIES LESION PROGRESSION IN DENTIN THE PULPO-DENTINAL COMPLEX AND CARIES THE RELEVANCE OF PULPO-DENTINAL REACTIONS TO OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT THE CURRENT OPERATIVE TRADITION THE INFECTED DENTIN CONCEPT AND ITS CLINICAL CONSEQUENCE STUDIES PLACING ?SSURE SEALANTS OVER CARIOUS DENTIN STEPWISE EXCAVATION STUDIES WHY RE-ENTER? RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS CONCLUSIONS RESTORING THE TOOTH: ‘THE SEAL IS THE DEAL’ MATERIALS TREATMENT OF PIT AND ?SSURE CARIES TREATMENT OF APPROXIMAL CARIES TREATMENT OF CARIES IN ANTERIOR TEETH AND THE CERVICAL AREA RESTORATIVE PROCEDURES IN THE PRIMARY DENTITION FAILURE AND REPAIR OF RESTORATIONS THE ATRAUMATIC RESTORATIVE TREATMENT APPROACH HISTORY OF ART A TREATMENT APPROACH OF ?SSURE SEALING AND MINIMAL OPERATIVE INTERVENTION ATRAUMATIC ASPECTS THE ART APPROACH STEP-BY-STEP, FOR USE WITH GLASS-IONOMER RESTORATIVE MATERIAL SURVIVAL OF ART SEALANTS AND ART RESTORATIONS COMPARISON OF ART WITH CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT APPROACHES CAUSES OF FAILURE OF ART RESTORATIONS INTEGRATION OF ART INTO ORAL HEALTH SERVICES LONGEVITY OF RESTORATIONS: THE ‘DEATH SPIRAL’ CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESTORATIONS ASSESSMENT OF RESTORATION LONGEVITY THE AMALGAM DEBATE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR RESTORATION LONGEVITY LONGEVITY OF RESTORATIONS IN THE PRIMARY DENTITION LONGEVITY OF RESTORATIONS IN THE PERMANENT DENTITION FACTORS IN?UENCING RESTORATION LONGEVITY CONSEQUENCES OF RESTORATION LONGEVITY FOR DENTAL HEALTH AND COST PART VI CARIES CONTROL AND PREDICTION CLINICAL DECISION MAKING: TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OR EVIDENCE-BASED CARIES MANAGEMENT? INTRODUCTION THE HISTORICAL BIAS TOWARDS DENTAL MECHANICS APPROPRIATE DENTAL CARE: WHAT IS IT? APPROPRIATE CARIES MANAGEMENT: HOW TO GET THERE? ARE WE HEADING TOWARDS ‘COOKBOOK’ DENTISTRY? CARIES-RELATED CLINICAL DECISION MAKING: WHAT IT IS NOT CARIES-RELATED CLINICAL DECISION MAKING: WHAT IT IS APPROPRIATE CARIES SCRIPTS: PROPOSAL FOR A GUIDELINE PROMOTING ORAL HEALTH IN POPULATIONS DE?NING ORAL HEALTH AND HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION THEORIES OF HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIOR ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION: DOES IT WORK? PRACTICAL TIPS FOR IN?UENCING INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS’ BEHAVIOR CARIES CONTROL FOR THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT HOW ARE CURRENT CARIES ACTIVITY AND RISK OF FUTURE CARIES PROGRESSION ASSESSED? HOW IS THE INFORMATION USED TO CATEGORIZE PATIENTS INTO RISK GROUPS? WHAT NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENTS ARE AVAILABLE? HOW IS THE INDIVIDUAL HELPED TO CONTROL DISEASE PROGRESSION? WHEN SHOULD THE PATIENT BE RECALLED? CARIES CONTROL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS CARIES CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH A DRY MOUTH CARIES CONTROL IN PEOPLE WHO CANNOT CARE FOR THEMSELVES FAILURE CARIES CONTROL FOR POPULATIONS THE CARIES DECLINE AND CHANGES IN THE PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY WHY DOES CARIES OCCUR? UPSTREAM OR DOWNSTREAM: DOES IT MATTER? SICK INDIVIDUALS OR SICK POPULATIONS? OPTIONS FOR CHANGE: WHICH PREVENTIVE STRATEGY SHOULD BE USED? THE HIGH-RISK APPROACH THE POPULATION STRATEGY FOR CARIES PREVENTION THE DIRECTED POPULATION STRATEGY A SHORT HISTORY OF CARIES-PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES FOR POPULATIONS A WIDER PERSPECTIVE ON PREVENTION WANTED: A POPULATION-BASED COMMON RISK FACTOR APPROACH TO PREVENTION WHERE DOES THIS LEAVE THE TRADITIONAL DENTIST? NEED FOR A NEW PROFESSIONALISM CARIES PREDICTION CLINICIANS ASSESS RISK, RESEARCHERS PREDICT THE COURSE OF A TYPICAL PREDICTION STUDY PRACTICAL EXAMPLES WHAT LEVEL OF ACCURACY WOULD BE SUF?CIENT IN EVERYDAY PRACTICE? WHAT LEVEL OF ACCURACY CAN BE ACHIEVED? HOW VALUABLE ARE THE PROPOSED MEASURES? PREVENTING DENTAL CARIES: WHAT ARE THE COSTS? HEALTH-CARE ECONOMICS WHAT IS A BENE?T? WHAT IS A COST? THE COST OF DENTAL CARIES REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES OF PREVENTIVE APPROACHES PART VII DENTISTRY IN THE TWENTY-?RST CENTURY VARIATION IN CLINICAL DECISION MAKING RELATED TO CARIES VARIATION IN DETECTION OF CARIES LESIONS VARIATION IN CARIES MANAGEMENT DECISIONS THE CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION A LONG-TERM APPROACH TO REDUCING VARIATION ‘FOR RICHER, FOR POORER, IN SICKNESS AND IN HEALTH …’ THE ROLE OF DENTISTRY IN CONTROLLING CARIES AND PERIODONTITIS GLOBALLY INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF DENTISTRY: THE PROFESSION DEVELOPMENT OF DENTISTRY: THE DISEASE CONCEPTS DEVELOPMENT OF DENTISTRY: LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES PLANNED DENTAL SERVICES: WISHFUL THINKING OR ACHIEVABLE GOAL? THE MAGNITUDE OF DISEASE BURDENS THE BURDEN OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES DENTAL CARIES: THE MAJOR ORAL DISEASE BURDEN TRENDS IN THE BURDEN OF ORAL DISEASES SOCIAL GRADIENTS IN ORAL DISEASE BURDENS DISEASE BURDENS: WHOSE BURDENS? QUO VADIS? PRIORITIES IN ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES QUO VADIS? PRIORITIES FOR HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES PART I THE DISEASE AND ITS DIAGNOSIS DE?NING THE DISEASE: AN INTRODUCTION CLINICAL APPEARANCES OF CARIES LESIONS PATHOLOGY OF DENTAL CARIES VISUAL–TACTILE CARIES DIAGNOSIS RADIOGRAPHY FOR CARIES DIAGNOSIS ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES