THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT MOTORS, AND REFRIGERATING MACHINES
Introduction: Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer 1 Chapter 1 Instrumentation 3 Connection of Pressure Gauges in Chemical Plants 3 Instrumentation and Control of Distillation Columns 8 Instrumentation of Heat Exchangers 10 Chapter 2 Chemical Plant—Engineering Materials 13 Rheological Behavior 18 Chapter 3 Pressure Vessels 21 Stress = Force/Area Over Which It Acts 21 Chapter 4 Thermodynamics—Mass, Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy, and Internal Energy in Closed and Open Systems 25 Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids 26 The Ideal Gas Model Assumes 27 Prediction of Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Mixtures at Higher Pressure 28 Chapter 5 Fluid Dynamics—Crystallization, Sedimentation, and Particle Dynamics 31 Chapter 6 Fluid Mechanics 33 Fluid Flow 33 Physical Properties of Fluids 33 Compressible Fluid Flow in Pipe 34 Steam 35 Chapter 7 Heat Transmission—Natural Convection, Forced Convection, and Single- and Two-Phase (Boiling) Flow Systems 37 Extend to Horizontal Surface 43 Chapter 8 Transport Phenomena 47 Mass Balance (Steady State) 47 ? Operates on a Vector to Give a Derivative 49 Chapter 9 Chemical Reaction Engineering 51 Purge 51 Reactors 52 Batch Reactor 52 Catalytic Processes 54 Reactor Types Are Based on Two Models 55 Chapter 10 Fuel and Power 57 Nuclear Power Production—Fission and Nuclear Reactor 58 Carbon-Based Fuels 61 Bond Breaking Is a Major Reaction in Cracking 61 Distillation Operations 62 Reforming 64 Chapter 11 Electrochemistry/Corrosion 67 Corrosion Testing 71 Chapter 12 Unit Operations 75 Solvent Extraction 75 Fluidization 77 Sedimentation 77 Crystallization 77 Leaching 78 Distillation 78 Chapter 13 Process Dynamics 89 Quantifying Flow Sheets 89 System Stability Determination 92 Chapter 14 Mathematics 95 Chapter 15 Numerical Methods—Computation 97 DO-Loop 97 Least Square Regression 99 Numerical Integration 100 Chapter 16 Chemical Plant Design 107 Chapter 17 Experimentation 109 Batch Distillation at Constant Reflux Ratio in Packed Column 111 Chapter 18 Multi-Phase Flow 113 Chapter 19 Bio-Chemical Engineering 115 Catalytic Enzymes 115 Fermentation 115 Chapter 20 Industrial Inks, Dyes, and Pigments 117 Composition of Printing Inks 117 Preparation of the Specimens 119 Dissolution 119 Water Extraction for the Barium Determination 119 Fluorescent Pigments 122 Application Areas 124 Dispersion 125 Heat Stability 125 Additives 125 Lightfastness 125 Plate-Out 126 Toxicity 126 UV Curing Offset Inks 126 Ink Manufacturing 128 Chapter 21 Industrial Plastics 129 Plastic Materials 129 Chapter 22 Coating 131 Cylinder and Roller Setting 131 Chapter 23 Industrial Adhesives 133 Packaging Systems 133 Base Cup Adhesives 133 Cigarette Adhesives 136 Foamed Hot Melt 136 Wood Adhesives 137 Bag Adhesives 137 Disposable Products 138 Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 138 Laminating Adhesives 139 Cohesive Coating Welds 139 Labeling Adhesives 139 Chapter 24 Electronic Materials Processing 141 Thick Film Systems 141 Thin Film Systems 142 Photo Resolution of Metal Lines on Insulating Materials 142 Conductive Polymers 143 Thick Film—Case Study 144 Effect of Positive Material, Kiln Firing Temperature, and Drying on TR and TCR 144 Effect of Clearance and Squeegee Drive Pressure 144 Effect of Emulsion Thickness 144 Conclusions 145 Chapter 25 Nuclear Power Plant—Reactor Heat Removal 153 Design Criteria 154 Assumptions 156 System Description 157 System Design 157 Sample Calculation for Determination of RHR HX Effectiveness 162 Estimated RCS Thermal Capacity 163 Chapter 26 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing 169 Microbiological Limits 175