ROCK MECHANICS: THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS
1 Introduction 1 2 Applications to surface rock engineering structures 3 21 Cliffs with toe erosion 3 22 The dynamic response and stability of slopes against wedge sliding 8 23 Complex shearing, sliding and buckling failure of an open-pit mine 10 24 Dynamic response of reinforced rock slopes against planar sliding 19 25 Bridge foundations 23 26 Masonry structures 35 27 Reinforcement of dam foundations 37 28 Cylindrical sockets (piles) 42 3 Applications to underground structures 47 31 Stress concentrations around underground openings 47 32 Dynamic excavation of circular underground openings 50 33 Evaluation of tunnel face effect 53 34 Abandoned room and pillar lignite mines 54 35 Karstic caves 61 36 Stability analyses of tomb of Pharaoh Amenophis III 63 37 Retrofitting of unlined tunnels 64 38 Temperature and stress distributions around an underground opening 66 39 Waterhead distributions around a shallow underground opening 66 4 Rock mass classifications and their engineering utilization 71 41 Introduction 71 42 Rock Mass Rating (RMR) 71 43 Q-system (rock Tunneling Quality Index) 76 44 Rock Mass Quality Rating (RMQR) 81 45 Geological Strength Index classification 89 46 Denken’s classification and modified Denken’s classification 89 47 Estimations of engineering properties 90 Contents 5 Model testing and photo-elasticity in rock mechanics 103 51 Introduction 103 52 Model testing and similitude law 103 53 Principles and devices of photo-elasticity 106 54 1G models 108 55 Base-friction model test 110 56 Centrifuge tests 111 57 Dynamic shaking table tests 112 6 Rock excavation techniques 155 61 Blasting 155 62 Machine excavations 198 63 Impact excavation 199 64 Chemical demolition 200 7 Vibrations and vibration measurement techniques 203 71 Vibration sources 203 72 Vibration measurement devices 203 73 Theory of wave velocity measurement in layered medium 204 74 Vibrations by shock waves for nondestructive testing of rock bolts and rock anchors 222 8 Degradation of rocks and its effect on rock structures 229 81 Degradation of major common rock-forming minerals by chemical processes 230 82 Degradation by physical/mechanical processes 230 83 Hydrothermal alteration 241 84 Degradation due to surface or underground water flow 241 85 Biodegradation 243 86 Degradation rate measurements 246 87 Needle penetration tests for measuring degradation degree 249 88 Utilization of infrared imaging technique for degradation evaluation 250 89 Degradation assessment of rocks by color measurement technique 251 810 Effect of degradation process on the stability of rock structures 253 9 Monitoring of rock engineering structures 271 91 Deformation measurements 271 92 Acoustic emission techniques 277 93 Multiparameter monitoring 278 94 Applications of monitoring system 280 95 Principles and applications of drone technology 291 96 Applications to maintenance monitoring 298 97 Monitoring faulting-induced deformations 298 10 Earthquake science and earthquake engineering 301 101 Introduction 301 102 Earthquake occurrence mechanics 301 103 Causes of earthquakes 308 104 Earthquake-induced waves 312 105 Inference of faulting mechanism of earthquakes 317 106 Characteristics of earthquake faults 319 107 Characterization of earthquakes from fault ruptures 321 108 Strong motions and permanent deformation 325 109 Effects of surface ruptures induced by earthquakes on rock engineering structures 346 1010 Response of Horonobe underground research laboratory during the 20 June 2018 Soya region earthquake and 6 September 2018 Iburi earthquake 352 1011 Global positioning method for earthquake prediction 359 1012 Application to Multi-parameter Monitoring System (MPMS) to earthquakes in Denizli basin 367