A MANUAL OF HYDRAULICS
CONTENTS 1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW 1 1 GENERAL 1 2 HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 1 3 POROUS MEDIA 1 4 AQUIFER SYSTEMS 1 5 AQUIFER STORAGE 1 6 DARCY EQUATION 1 7 BASIC EQUATIONS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW 1 8 AQUIFER FLOW 1 9 SUMMARY 1 10 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 1 1 11 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 2 1 12 REFERENCES 2 HEAD LOSSES, TOTAL DRAWDOWN, TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD, AND EFFICIENCY OF WATER-WELL SYSTEMS 2 1 GENERAL 2 2 HEAD LOSS IN THE SUCTION PIPE 2 3 HEAD LOSS IN THE DELIVERY PIPE 2 4 TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD 2 5 EF? CIENCY OF WATER-WELL SYSTEMS 2 6 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 1 2 7 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 2 2 8 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 3 2 9 REFERENCES 3 DESIGN OF WATER WELLS 3 1 GENERAL 3 2 DESIGN OF BOREHOLE, CASING, AND SCREEN 3 3 DESIGN OF FILTER PACK 3 4 DESIGN OF WELL SCREEN 3 5 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN 3 6 SUMMARY 3 7 REFERENCES 4 CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND TESTING OF WATER WELLS 4 1 GENERAL 4 2 SITE ASSESSMENT FOR POTENTIAL MUNICIPAL WATER WELL SITES 4 3 DRILLING, INSTALLATION, AND CEMENTING OF CONDUCTOR CASING 4 4 DRILLING THE BOREHOLE 4 5 GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING 4 6 ISOLATED AQUIFER ZONE TESTING 4 7 WATER QUALITY AND YIELD 4 8 WELL DESTRUCTION METHODS 4 9 MECHANICAL GRADING ANALYSES 4 10 LITHOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONS OF FORMATION MATERIALS USING UNI? ED SOIL CLASSI? CATION SYSTEM 4 11 PREPARATION FOR WELL COMPLETION 4 12 INSTALLATION OF CASING, SCREEN, AND FILTER PACK 4 13 INTERAQUIFER SEALS 4 14 PRINCIPLES OF WELL DEVELOPMENT 4 15 FINAL DEVELOPMENT WITH DEEP WELL TURBINE PUMP (VERTICAL LINE SHAFT) 4 16 PUMPING TESTS 4 17 FLOWMETER (SPINNER) SURVEY 4 18 COLLECTING WATER QUALITY SAMPLES AT THE END OF THE CONSTANT-RATE TEST 4 19 MISCELLANEOUS FINAL TASKS 4 20 FINAL REPORT INCLUDING ANALYSIS 4 21 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4 22 REFERENCES 5 CORROSION OF WATER WELLS 5 1 GENERAL 5 2 THEORY OF CORROSION 5 3 TYPES OF CORROSION 5 4 CORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF WATER 5 5 CORROSION OF WATER-WELL SYSTEMS 5 6 PREDICTION OF CORROSION 5 7 EVALUATION OF CORROSION RATE DATA 5 8 PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR CORROSION 5 9 TROUBLESHOOTING FOR WELL CORROSION 5 10 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 1 5 11 REFERENCES 6 INCRUSTATION OF WATER WELLS 6 1 GENERAL 6 2 THEORY OF INCRUSTATION 6 3 ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER 6 4 FORMS OF INCRUSTATION 6 5 CAUSES OF INCRUSTATION 6 6 EFFECTS OF VELOCITY, PRESSURE, AND TEMPERATURE CHANGES 6 7 CHEMICAL INCRUSTATION 6 8 PHYSICAL INCRUSTATION 6 9 BIOLOGICAL INCRUSTATION 6 10 CHARACTER OF IRON DEPOSITS 6 11 FIELD TESTING OF INCRUSTATION 6 12 TIMELY MAINTENANCE 6 13 ACID TREATMENT 6 14 CHLORINE TREATMENT 6 15 POLYPHOSPHATE TREATMENT 6 16 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS TO PREVENT WELL FOULING 6 17 REFERENCES 6 18 RECOMMENDED READING 7 WELLHEAD PROTECTION FOR WATER WELLS 7 1 GENERAL 7 2 WELLHEAD PROTECTION AND WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREA 7 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW AND CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT 7 4 DELINEATION METHODS FOR THE WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREA 7 5 A CASE STUDY 7 6 SUMMARY 7 7 REFERENCES 8 MAINTENANCE OF WATER WELLS 8 1 GENERAL 8 2 CAUSES OF WELL PERFORMANCE: PROBLEMS AND FAILURES 8 3 PREVENTIVE MATERIAL, DESIGN, AND TREATMENT CHOICES TO AVOID WELL PERFORMANCE DECLINE AND FAILURE 8 4 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, MONITORING METHODS, AND RECORDS 8 5 SCHEDULE OF WELL MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES 8 6 ECONOMICS OF WELL MAINTENANCE 8 7 THE FUTURE: FIELD AND LABORATORY RESEARCH ON WELL MAINTENANCE 8 8 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 1 8 9 SOLVED DESIGN EXAMPLE 2 8 10 REFERENCES