THE MEASUREMENT OF AIR FLOW
1 INTRODUCTION AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR BASICS BASIC VELOCITY DIAGRAMS FOR A STAGE SIMILITUDE AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS STAGE MATCHING AND STABILITY DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS UNITS AND CONVENTIONS THERMODYNAMICS FIRST AND SECOND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS EFFICIENCY FLUID EQUATION-OF-STATE FUNDAMENTALS THE CALORIC EQUATION OF STATE ENTROPY AND THE SPEED OF SOUND THE THERMAL EQUATION OF STATE FOR REAL GASES THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REAL GASES THERMALLY AND CALORICALLY PERFECT GASES THE PSEUDO-PERFECT GAS MODEL COMPONENT PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS GAS VISCOSITY A COMPUTERIZED EQUATION-OF-STATE PACKAGE FLUID MECHANICS FLOW IN A ROTATING COORDINATE SYSTEM ADIABATIC INVISCID COMPRESSIBLE FLOW ADIABATIC INVISCID COMPRESSIBLE FLOW APPLICATIONS BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS TWO-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS AXISYMMETRIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS VECTOR OPERATORS IN NATURAL COORDINATES AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR BLADE PROFILES CASCADE NOMENCLATURE NACA 65-SERIES PROFILE CIRCULAR-ARC CAMBERLINE PARABOLIC-ARC CAMBERLINE BRITISH C 4 PROFILE DOUBLE-CIRCULAR-ARC PROFILE NACA A4K6 63-SERIES GUIDE VANE PROFILE CONTROLLED–DIFFUSION AIRFOILS BLADE THROAT OPENING STAGGERED BLADE GEOMETRY TWO-DIMENSIONAL BLADE-TO-BLADE FLOW THROUGH CASCADES OF BLADES THE BLADE-TO-BLADE FLOW PROBLEM COORDINATE SYSTEM AND VELOCITY COMPONENTS POTENTIAL FLOW IN THE BLADE-TO-BLADE PLANE LINEARIZED POTENTIAL FLOW ANALYSIS THE TIME-MARCHING METHOD BLADE SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS SUMMARY EMPIRICAL PERFORMANCE MODELS BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASCADE TESTS CASCADE GEOMETRY AND PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS DESIGN ANGLE OF ATTACK OR INCIDENCE ANGLE DESIGN DEVIATION ANGLE DESIGN LOSS COEFFICIENT AND DIFFUSION FACTORS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE STALL INCIDENCE ANGLES MACH NUMBER EFFECTS SHOCK WAVE LOSS FOR SUPERSONIC CASCADES OFF-DESIGN CASCADE PERFORMANCE CORRELATIONS BLADE TIP CLEARANCE LOSS SHROUD SEAL LEAKAGE LOSS IMPLEMENTATION, EXTENSIONS AND ALTERNATE METHODS MERIDIONAL THROUGH-FLOW ANALYSIS MERIDIONAL COORDINATE SYSTEM INVISCID, ADIABATIC FLOW ON A QUASI-NORMAL LINKING QUASI-NORMALS REPOSITIONING THE STREAM SURFACES FULL NORMAL EQUILIBRIUM SOLUTION SIMPLIFIED FORMS OF THE THROUGH-FLOW ANALYSIS ANNULUS SIZING NUMERICAL APPROXIMATIONS END-WALL BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF END-WALL BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY THE END-WALL BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS THE BOUNDARY LAYER VELOCITY PROFILE ASSUMPTIONS EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR ENTRAINMENT AND WALL SHEAR STRESS THE BLADE FORCE DEFECT THICKNESSES SEAL LEAKAGE EFFECTS FOR SHROUDED BLADES BOUNDARY LAYER JUMP CONDITIONS SOLUTION PROCEDURE TYPICAL RESULTS AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS GEOMETRY CONSIDERATIONS CASCADE PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS STALL AND COMPRESSOR SURGE CONSIDERATIONS APPROXIMATE NORMAL EQUILIBRIUM RESULTS FULL NORMAL EQUILIBRIUM RESULTS CONCLUDING REMARKS COMPRESSOR STAGE AERODYNAMIC DESIGN DIMENSIONLESS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS APPLICATION TO STAGE DESIGN BLADE DESIGN SELECTING THE STAGE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS SELECTING THE SWIRL VORTEX TYPE FREE VORTEX FLOW CONSTANT REACTION VORTEX FLOW CONSTANT SWIRL AND EXPONENTIAL VORTEX FLOW ASSIGNED FLOW ANGLE VORTEX FLOWS APPLICATION TO A PRACTICAL STAGE DESIGN A REPEATING STAGE AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR A COMPUTERIZED STAGE DESIGN SYSTEM MULTISTAGE AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR AERODYNAMIC DESIGN THE BASIC COMPRESSOR DESIGN APPROACH AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS REFINING THE COMPRESSOR DESIGN AN AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSOR DESIGN EXAMPLE THE DISTRIBUTION OF STAGE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS THE SWIRL VORTEX TYPE RISKS AND BENEFITS QUASI-THREE-DIMENSIONAL BLADE PASSAGE FLOW FIELD ANALYSIS QUASI-THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW HUB-TO-SHROUD FLOW GOVERNING EQUATIONS NUMERICAL INTEGRATION OF THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS REPOSITIONING STREAM SURFACES THE HUB-TO-SHROUD FLOW ANALYSIS COUPLING THE TWO BASIC FLOW ANALYSES OTHER COMPONENTS AND VARIATIONS ADJUSTABLE BLADE ROWS THE EXHAUST DIFFUSER THE SCROLL OR COLLECTOR REYNOLDS NUMBER AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS EFFECTS THE AXIAL-CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES REFERENCES