EXPERIMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS
CONTENTS THE OVERVIEW AND SCOPE OF THE BOOK BASICS OF THE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 2 1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS 2 2 BASIC DE?NITIONS 2 2 1 DIMENSIONAL AND DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS 2 2 2 THE PRINCIPLE OF DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEITY 2 3 NON-DIMENSIONALIZATION OF THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS 2 4 DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS 2 4 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS 2 4 2 SIMILARITY 2 5 THE PI-THEOREM 2 5 1 GENERAL REMARKS 2 5 2 CHOICE OF THE GOVERNING PARAMETERS PROBLEMS REFERENCES APPLICATION OF THE PI-THEOREM TO ESTABLISH SELF-SIMILARITY AND REDUCE PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS TO THE ORDINARY ONES 3 1 GENERAL REMARKS 3 2 FLOW OVER A PLANE WALL WHICH HAS INSTANTANEOUSLY STARTED MOVING FROM REST (THE STOKES PROBLEM) 3 3 LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER OVER A FLAT PLATE (THE BLASIUS PROBLEM) 3 4 LAMINAR SUBMERGED JET ISSUING FROM A THIN PIPE (THE LANDAU PROBLEM) 3 5 VORTICITY DIFFUSION IN VISCOUS FLUID 3 6 LAMINAR FLOW NEAR A ROTATING DISK (THE VON KARMAN PROBLEM) 3 7 CAPILLARY WAVES AFTER A WEAK IMPACT OF A TINY OBJECT ONTO A THIN LIQUID FILM (THE YARIN-WEISS PROBLEM) 3 8 PROPAGATION OF VISCOUS-GRAVITY CURRENTS OVER A SOLID HORIZONTAL SURFACE (THE HUPPERT PROBLEM) 3 9 THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER OVER A FLAT WALL (THE POHLHAUSEN PROBLEM) 3 10 DIFFUSION BOUNDARY LAYER OVER A FLAT REACTIVE PLATE (THE LEVICH PROBLEM) DRAG FORCE ACTING ON A BODY MOVING IN VISCOUS FLUID 4 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 4 2 DRAG ACTION ON A FLAT PLATE 4 2 1 MOTION WITH CONSTANT SPEED 4 2 2 OSCILLATORY MOTION OF A PLATE PARALLEL TO ITSELF 4 3 DRAG FORCE ACTING ON SOLID PARTICLES 4 3 1 DRAG EXPERIENCED BY A SPHERICAL PARTICLE AT LOW, MODERATE AND HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS 4 3 2 THE EFFECT OF ROTATION 4 3 3 THE EFFECT OF ACCELERATION 4 3 4 THE EFFECT OF THE FREE STREAM TURBULENCE 4 3 5 THE IN?UENCE OF THE PARTICLE-FLUID TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE 4 4 DRAG OF IRREGULAR PARTICLES 4 5 DRAG OF DEFORMABLE PARTICLES 4 6 DRAG OF BODIES PARTIALLY SUBMERGED IN LIQUID 4 7 TERMINAL VELOCITY OF SMALL SPHERICAL PARTICLES SETTLING IN VISCOUS LIQUID (THE STOKES PROBLEM FOR A SPHERE) 4 8 SEDIMENTATION 4 8 1 DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS 4 8 2 TERMINAL VELOCITY OF HEAVY GRAINS 4 8 3 THE CRITICAL STATE OF A FLUIDIZED BED 4 9 THIN LIQUID FILM ON A PLATE WITHDRAWN VERTICALLY FROM A POOL FILLED WITH VISCOUS LIQUID (THE LANDAU-LEVICH PROBLEM OF DIP COATING) LAMINAR FLOWS IN CHANNELS AND PIPES 5 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 5 2 FLOWS IN STRAIGHT PIPES OF CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION 5 2 1 THE ENTRANCE FLOW REGION 5 2 2 FULLY DEVELOPED REGION OF LAMINAR FLOWS IN SMOOTH PIPES 5 2 3 FULLY DEVELOPED LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS IN ROUGH PIPE 5 3 FLOWS IN IRREGULAR PIPES AND DUCTS 5 4 MICROCHANNEL FLOWS 5 5 NON-NEWTONIAN FLOWS 5 6 FLOWS IN CURVED PIPES 5 7 UNSTEADY FLOWS IN STRAIGHT PIPES JET FLOWS 6 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 6 2 THE FAR FIELD OF SUBMERGED JETS 6 3 THE DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS OF JET FLOWS 6 4 PLANE LAMINAR SUBMERGED JET 6 5 LAMINAR WAKE OF A BLUNT SOLID BODY 6 6 WALL JETS OVER PLANE AND CURVED SURFACES 6 7 BUOYANT JETS (PLUMES) HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 7 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 7 2 CONDUCTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 7 2 1 TEMPERATURE FIELD INDUCED BY PLANE INSTANTANEOUS THERMAL SOURCE 7 2 2 TEMPERATURE FIELD INDUCED BY A POINTWISE INSTANTANEOUS THERMAL SOURCE 7 2 3 EVOLUTION OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN MEDIUM WITH TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY (THE ZEL’DOVICH-KOMPANEYETS PROBLEM) 7 3 HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER UNDER CONDITIONS OF FORCED CONVECTION 7 3 1 HEAT TRANSFER FROM A HOT BODY IMMERSED IN FLUID FLOW 7 3 2 THE EFFECT OF PARTICLE ROTATION 7 3 3 THE EFFECT OF THE FREE STREAM TURBULENCE 7 3 4 THE EFFECT OF ENERGY DISSIPATION 7 3 5 THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY GRADIENT 7 3 6 MASS TRANSFER TO SOLID PARTICLES AND DROPS IMMERSED IN FLUID FLOW 7 4 HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CHANNEL AND PIPE FLOWS 7 4 1 COUETTE FLOW 7 4 2 THE ENTRANCE REGION OF A PIPE 7 4 3 FULLY DEVELOPED FLOW 7 5 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMINAR JETS 7 6 HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN NATURAL CONVECTION 7 6 1 HEAT TRANSFER FROM A SPHERICAL PARTICLE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NATURAL CONVECTION 7 6 2 HEAT TRANSFER FROM SPINNING PARTICLE UNDER THE CONDITION OF MIXED CONVECTION 7 6 3 MASS TRANSFER FROM A SPHERICAL PARTICLE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NATURAL AND MIXED CONVECTION 7 6 4 HEAT TRANSFER FROM A VERTICAL HEATED WALL 7 6 5 MASS TRANSFER TO A VERTICAL REACTIVE PLATE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NATURAL CONVECTION 7 7 HEAT TRANSFER FROM A FLAT PLATE IN A UNIFORM STREAM OF VISCOUS, HIGH SPEED GAS 7 8 HEAT TRANSFER RELATED TO PHASE CHANGE 7 8 1 HEAT TRANSFER DUE TO CONDENSATION OF SATURATED VAPOR ON A VERTICAL WALL 7 8 2 FREEZING OF A PURE LIQUID (THE STEFAN PROBLEM) TURBULENCE 8 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 8 2 DECAY OF ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE 8 3 TURBULENT NEAR-WALL FLOWS 8 3 1 PLANE-PARALLEL FLOWS 8 3 2 PIPE FLOWS 8 3 3 TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER 8 4 FRICTION IN PIPES AND DUCTS 8 4 1 FRICTION IN SMOOTH PIPES 8 4 2 FRICTION IN ROUGH PIPES 8 5 TURBULENT JETS 8 5 1 EDDY VISCOSITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 8 5 2 PLANE AND AXISYMMETRIC TURBULENT JETS 8 5 3 INHOMOGENEOUS TURBULENT JETS 8 5 4 CO-?OWING JETS 8 5 5 TURBULENT JETS IN CROSS?OW 8 5 6 TURBULENT WALL JETS 8 5 7 IMPINGING TURBULENT JET COMBUSTION PROCESSES 9 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 9 2 THERMAL EXPLOSION 9 3 COMBUSTION WAVES 9 4 COMBUSTION OF NON-PREMIXED GASES 9 5 DIFFUSION FLAME IN THE MIXING LAYER OF PARALLEL STREAMS OF GASEOUS FUEL AND OXIDIZER 9 6 GAS TORCHES 9 7 IMMERSED FLAMES