FLUID MACHINERY CONFERENCE
CONTENTS 1 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION CONCEPT OF FLUID POWER BASIC CIRCUITS BASIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS EFFICIENCY SUMMARY 2 FLUID POWER BASICS FLUID STATICS HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONSERVATION OF MASS FUNCTIONS OF A WORKING FLUID FLUID PROPERTIES VISCOSITY BULK MODULUS SPECIFIC GRAVITY OTHER FLUID PROPERTIES FLOW IN LINES REYNOLDS NUMBER DARCY’S EQUATION LOSSES IN FITTINGS LEAKAGE FLOW ORIFICE EQUATION ANALYSIS TO ILLUSTRATE USE OF ORIFICE EQUATION USE OF ORIFICE EQUATION TO ANALYZE PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE DATA FOR SELECTED HYDRAULIC FLUIDS 3 PRESSURE CONTROL REVIEW OF NEEDED SYMBOLS RELIEF VALVE DIRECT-ACTING RELIEF VALVE PILOT-OPERATED RELIEF VALVE EXAMPLE CIRCUITS USING PILOT-OPERATED RELIEF VALVES UNLOADING VALVE SEQUENCE VALVE AND PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVE SEQUENCE VALVE PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVE COUNTERBALANCE VALVE AND BRAKE VALVE COUNTERBALANCE VALVE BRAKE VALVE 4 CREATION AND CONTROL OF FLUID FLOW FIXED DISPLACEMENT PUMPS FIXED DISPLACEMENT PUMP CIRCUITS VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP CIRCUITS VANE PUMP PISTON PUMP IMPROVEMENT IN EFFICIENCY WITH LOAD SENSING COMPARISON OF PUMP PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THREE MAIN DESIGNS GEROTOR PUMP AXIAL PISTON PUMP MULTIPLE PUMP CIRCUITS PUMP MOUNTS FLOW CONTROL VALVES FLOW DIVIDERS CIRCUITS USING FLOW CONTROL VALVES 5 ROTARY ACTUATORS STALL TORQUE EFFICIENCY TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA FOR A GEAR MOTOR COMPARISON OF MOTOR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THREE MAIN DESIGNS GEAR MOTOR VANE MOTOR PISTON MOTOR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW-SPEED, HIGH-TORQUE MOTORS GEROLER MOTOR (DISC VALVE) VANE MOTOR (LOW-SPEED, HIGH-TORQUE) DESIGN EXAMPLE FOR GEAR MOTOR APPLICATION FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS INTERACTION OF PUMP AND MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS BENT AXIS MOTORS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BENT AXIS MOTORS PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGE OF BENT AXIS DESIGN RADIAL PISTON MOTORS MOTOR-GEARBOX COMBINATIONS OSCILLATING ACTUATOR CURVE FITTING TECHNIQUE 6 HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS MECHANICAL TRANSMISSIONS TORQUE CONVERTERS SHIFT CONTROL OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION INTRODUCTION TO HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS FOR VEHICLE PROPULSION COMPARISON OF HYDROSTATIC AND MECHANICAL DRIVES ADVANTAGES OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS TO PROPEL VEHICLES 6 5 1 HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION WITH TWO WHEEL MOTORS HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION WITH FINAL DRIVES HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION WITH VARIABLE SPEED MOTORS VEHICLE WITH TWO HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS HYDROSTATIC DRIVE FOR THREE-WHEEL VEHICLE HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION FOR FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS CLOSED-CIRCUIT HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS CHARGE PUMP SHUTTLE VALVE CROSS-PORT RELIEF VALVES MULTIPURPOSE VALVES CLOSED-CIRCUIT, CLOSED-LOOP HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSIONS REVIEW OF PUMP AND MOTOR OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS SERVO-CONTROLLED PUMP SERVO VALVE CIRCUIT RESPONSE TIME FOR CLOSED-LOOP CIRCUIT OPERATION OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT, CLOSED-LOOP HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION DESIGN HYDROSTATIC DRIVE FOR SWEET SORGHUM HARVESTER EXAMPLE SOLUTION FOR DESIGN OF HYDROSTATIC DRIVE FOR SWEET SORGHUM HARVESTER BASIC CONCEPTS IN TRACTION SELECTED CATALOG DATA FOR HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION DESIGN PROBLEMS 7 LINEAR ACTUATORS ANALYSIS OF CYLINDERS IN PARALLEL AND SERIES SYNCHRONIZATION OF CYLINDERS ORIFICE-TYPE FLOW DIVIDER GEAR-TYPE FLOW DIVIDER MECHANICAL COUPLING CUSHIONING REPHASING OF CYLINDERS PRESSES PILOT-OPERATED CHECK VALVE LOAD-LOCKING CIRCUIT LOAD ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATION OF A LOAD WITH A CYLINDER ONE METHOD FOR INCORPORATING THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS DURING ACCELERATION EVENT TYPES OF CYLINDERS CYLINDER SELECTION CYLINDER FAILURE CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION 8 TEMPERATURE AND CONTAMINATION CONTROL TEMPERATURE CONTROL METHODS FOR COOLING HYDRAULIC OIL HEAT TRANSFER FROM RESERVOIR HEAT GENERATED BY THE SYSTEM DESIGN EXAMPLE TEMPERATURE CONTROL SUMMARY CONTAMINATION CONTROL SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION QUANTIFYING FLUID CLEANLINESS EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION ON VARIOUS COMPONENTS SETTING A TARGET CLEANLINESS LEVEL ACHIEVING A TARGET CLEANLINESS LEVEL MONITORING THE SYSTEM CLEANLINESS LEVEL 9 AUXILIARY COMPONENTS RESERVOIR RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION HYDRAULIC LINES PIPE HYDRAULIC TUBING HYDRAULIC HOSE FLUID VELOCITY IN CONDUCTORS OPTIONS FOR CONNECTING COMPONENTS MANIFOLDS QUICK-DISCONNECT COUPLING INSTALLATION OF LINES RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR HYDRAULIC HOSE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES DESIGN LIFE OF COMPONENTS SYSTEM INTEGRATION PORT CONNECTIONS TUBE OR HOSE CONNECTIONS ASSEMBLY SELECTED DESIGN DATA FOR FLUID CONDUCTORS 10 PNEUMATICS COMPRESSORS RECIPROCATING PISTON COMPRESSOR DIAPHRAGM COMPRESSOR SLIDING VANE ROTARY COMPRESSOR COOLING RECEIVER PIPELINES PREPARATION OF COMPRESSED AIR DRYING OF AIR AIR FILTRATION PRESSURE REGULATION COMPRESSED AIR LUBRICATION SERVICE UNITS CYLINDERS SINGLE-ACTING CYLINDERS DIAPHRAGM CYLINDER ROLLING DIAPHRAGM CYLINDERS DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDERS IMPACT CYLINDER FREE AIR CONSUMPTION BY CYLINDERS MOTORS TYPES OF PNEUMATIC MOTORS CHARACTERISTICS OF PNEUMATIC MOTORS ADDITIONAL ACTUATOR UNITS CYLINDER WITH MOUNTED AIR CONTROL BLOCK HYDROPNEUMATIC FEED UNIT FEED UNIT ROTARY INDEX TABLE AIR CUSHION SLIDING TABLE VALVES VALVE SYMBOLS VALVE DESIGN POPPET VALVES SLIDE VALVES OTHER VALVES STANDARD CONDITIONS 11 SERVO VALVES CONCEPT FEEDBACK PROGRAMMABLE ORIFICE CONTROL OF PUMP DISPLACEMENT BASIC SERVO SYSTEMS SERVO VALVE CONSTRUCTION TORQUE MOTOR METHODS FOR SHIFTING SERVO VALVE SPOOL VALVE CONSTRUCTION VALVE PERFORMANCE RATED FLOW PRESSURE DROP INTERNAL LEAKAGE HYSTERESIS THRESHOLD GAIN FREQUENCY RESPONSE PHASE LAG TYPES OF SERVO SYSTEMS HYDROMECHANICAL SERVO SYSTEM ELECTROHYDRAULIC SERVO SYSTEMS SERVO AMPLIFIERS SERVO ANALYSIS OPEN-LOOP GAIN NATURAL FREQUENCY ERROR TERMS INTRODUCTION TO THE LAPLACE DOMAIN 12 PROPORTIONAL VALVES TYPES OF PROPORTIONAL VALVES FORCE-CONTROLLED PROPORTIONAL VALVES STROKE-CONTROLLED PROPORTIONAL VALVES ANALYSIS OF PROPORTIONAL DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE OVERRUNNING LOAD RESISTIVE LOAD HOW A PROPORTIONAL DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE FUNCTIONS IN A CIRCUIT COMPARISON OF SERVO AND PROPORTIONAL VALVES