COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS
CONTENTS THE CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE AN INTRODUCTION TO CAES ISOTHERMAL CAES ADIABATIC CAES TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR CAES SMALL-SCALE CAES HYBRIDIZATION OF LARGE-SCALE CAES DYNAMIC MODELING OF CAES CAES FOR DAY-AHEAD DISPATCH SCHEDULING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECT AIR CAPTURE AND WIND CURTAILMENT 1 10 EXERGY ANALYSIS OF A SMALL-SCALE TRIGENERATIVE CAES 1 11 OFFSHORE CAES 1 12 CAES OUTLOOK REFERENCES AN OVERVIEW OF CAES NOMENCLATURE INTRODUCTION: MOTIVATION AND PRINCIPLES KEY COMPONENTS D-CAES SYSTEMS COMBINED HEAT AND POWER DISPATCH A-CAES SYSTEMS THERMAL STORAGE AND COLD STORAGE ADVANCED A-CAES NEAR-ISOTHERMAL SYSTEMS ISOTHERMAL CEAS SYSTEMS SUPERCRITICAL CAES UNDERWATER CAES 2 10 OFFSHORE SYSTEMS 2 11 ANALYSIS, SIMULATION, AND MODELING 2 12 POWER ELECTRONICS AND INTEGRATION WITH TRANSMISSION AND GRID 2 13 RELIABILITY AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY: CAES RISK ASSESSMENT 2 14 OUTLOOK: WIND-POWERED CEAS ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE INTRODUCTION I-CAES WORKING PRINCIPLE RESEARCH PROGRESS OF I-CAES SYSTEMATIC CONFIGURATIONS AND PERFORMANCE KEY COMPONENTS ANALYSIS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION METHODOLOGY EXPERIMENT DESCRIPTION SIMULATION AND MODELLING RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MODEL VALIDATION QUASI-ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS CONCLUSION AND REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF A-CAES SYSTEMS BY PRECONDITIONING DISCHARGE AIR STREAM GREEK LETTERS SUBSCRIPTS AND SUPERSCRIPTS ABBREVIATIONS A-CAES TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF A-CAES SYSTEMS CONCLUSION TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR CAES AND HIGH-PRESSURE AIR RESERVOIR CAES COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES A CASE STUDY OF CAES IN ONTARIO, CANADA COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE I-CAES SYSTEMS SUMMARY SS-CAES SYSTEMS HYBRID SS-CAES SYSTEMS FUTURE TRENDS FINAL CONSIDERATIONS COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS, TOWARDS A ZERO EMISSIONS IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION MASSIVE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES HYDROGEN, AS AN ENERGY STORAGE VECTOR PUMPED HYDROELECTRIC STORAGE TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON DIABATIC CAES LIQUID AIR ENERGY STORAGE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ON HYBRIDIZATION OF TECHNOLOGIES CAES COUPLED WITH HYDROGEN SYSTEM CAES WITH LOW-TEMPERATURE TES HTH-CAES SYSTEM A-CAES COUPLED WITH RENEWABLE GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES COMPRESSED GAS ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH CO2 AS THE WORKING FLUID CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DYNAMIC MODELLING AND SIMULATION CAES DISCHARGING SYSTEM ANALYSIS, SIMULATION AND MODELLING AIR EXPANDER HEX AND TES GENERATOR GAS RESERVOIR DATA-DRIVEN MODELLING EVALUATING THE VALUE OF BUILDING AN NN MODEL FOR A COMPONENT DESIGNING A TRAINING SYSTEM TRAINING THE NN VALIDATING THE NN MODEL CHOOSING MODELS OF COMPONENTS FOR SIMULATING A CAES SYSTEM CAES SYSTEM MODELLING CASE FOR APPLYING A DDM APPLICATION OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN A DAY-AHEAD DISPATCH SCHEDULE UNDER DEMAND RESPONSE AND RENEWABLE OBLIGATION LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH OBJECTIVES CHAPTER ORGANISATION PROBLEM FORMULATION RENEWABLE OBLIGATION FRAMEWORK CAES MATHEMATICAL MODEL DIRECT LOAD CONTROL MODEL WIND ENERGY SYSTEM SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM WEIGHTED-SUM APPROACH SOLUTION APPROACH NUMERICAL SIMULATION INPUT DATA 10 DIRECT AIR CAPTURE AND WIND CURTAILMENT: A TECHNOLOGY-BASED BUSINESS APPROACH FOR THE US MARKET A MEANINGFUL PROPOSAL FURTHER ANALYSIS DISCUSSION 11 EXERGY ANALYSIS OF A SMALL-SCALE TRIGENERATIVE COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM THERMODYNAMIC LAWS THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS EXERGY CONDITIONS USED IN EXERGY ANALYSIS T-CAES SYSTEM SETUP AND ANALYSIS COMPRESSORS HEAT EXCHANGERS STORAGE TANKS TURBINE THERMODYNAMIC (EXERGY) ANALYSES ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 12 OFFSHORE SYSTEMS ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS UNDERWATER ENERGY STORAGE UNDERWATER INFLATABLE LIFTING BAGS BUOYANCY ENGINE PRESSURE IMBALANCE AND DENSITY VARIATIONS BUOYANT FORCES ACTING ON THE BAG RACK-AND-PINION GEAR SYSTEM RESISTANT FORCES ENERGY BAG VELOCITY AND JERK (ACCELERATION) TRANSMISSION SYSTEM RACK AND PINION GEARS GEARBOX POWER GENERATOR A MODEL PLANT BUOYANT FORCE NET BUOYANT FORCE OPTIMISATION AND CONCLUSION IMCA D 061 REGULATION ADDED MASS GRAVITY FORCE DRAG FORCE OPTIMUM POWER