THEORY OF ELASTIC THIN SHELLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 WAVELET-BASED DAMAGE-SENSITIVE FEATURES EXTRACTION 11 INTRODUCTION 12 DATA PREPROCESSING 121 FEATURE DETECTION AND EXTRACTION 122 STATISTICAL MODEL FORMULATION 123 SCALE SELECTION 124 FEATURE DAMAGE INDEX IDENTIFICATION BASED WAVELET 13 NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND RESULTS: DISCUSSION 14 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES CHAPTER 2 DEEP LEARNING FOR AUTOMATED DAMAGE DETECTION: A NOVEL ALGORITHM IN CNN FAMILY FOR FASTER AND ACCURATE DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION 21 INTRODUCTION 22 DEEP LEARNING BASED APPROACHES FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION AND OBJECT DETECTION 221 DEEP LEARNING FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION 23 METHODOLOGY 24 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER 3 SEISMIC PROTECTION OF CULTURAL RELICS USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL BASE-ISOLATION SYSTEM 31 INTRODUCTION 32 INPUT GROUND MOTIONS 33 FINITE ELEMENT MODELS 34 RESPONSE HISTORY ANALYSES 341 OVERTURN 342 SLIDING 35 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENT CHAPTER 4 COMBINED ACTUATOR-SHAKE TABLE TEST WITH OPTIMIZED INPUT ENERGY 41 INTRODUCTION 42 EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SDF MODEL 43 THE TESTING POWER 44 PROCEDURES FOR DIVIDING THE GROUND MOTION BETWEEN THE SHAKE TABLE AND ACTUATORS 441 DIVIDING IN TIME DOMAIN 442 DIVIDING IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN 443 DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION 45 EXTENDING TO MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM (MDF) MODELS 46 NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS 47 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 5 DESIGN SPECTRA FOR STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO PASSING UNDERGROUND TRAINS 51 INTRODUCTION 52 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TRAINS 521 THE SELECTED TRAINS 522 THE SUSPENSION SYSTEM 5221 DYNAMICAL MODEL OF THE SECONDARY SUSPENSION SYSTEM 5222 DYNAMICAL MODEL OF THE MAIN SUSPENSION SYSTEM 53 THE LOADING PATTERN 54 THE 3D MODEL OF THE SOIL-TUNNEL SYSTEM 541 MODELING OF THE COMPONENTS 542 THE OUTPUT 55 THE CALCULATED SPECTRA 551 INTRODUCTION 552 THE NUMERICAL RESULTS 56 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 6 FREQUENCY-DOMAIN FAST MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF COMPLEX MODES 61 INTRODUCTION 62 PROBLEM FORMULATION 621 THE DETERMINISTIC MODEL 622 THE PROBABILISTIC MODEL 63 ML ESTIMATION 64 EM ALGORITHM 65 FIELD TEST 66 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 7 A FULL VERSION OF VISION-BASED STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION 71 INTRODUCTION 72 METHODOLOGY 721 VISION-BASED STRUCTURAL INPUT ESTIMATION 722 VISION-BASED STRUCTURAL OUTPUT ESTIMATION 723 EXTRACT UIL FROM STRUCTURAL INPUT AND OUTPUT 73 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION 731 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 732 RESULT ANALYSIS 74 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 8 DAMAGE RECOGNITION OF WOOD BEAM BASED ON CURVATURE MODAL TECHNOLOGY 81 INTRODUCTION 82 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF CURVATURE MODAL BASED WOOD BEAM DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION 821 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS PROCESS 822 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS MODEL 823 ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURVATURE MODE AND DAMAGE DEGREE OF WOODEN BEAM MODEL WITH DIFFERENT DAMAGE DEGREES AT A SINGLE SITE 824 ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CURVATURE MODE AND THE DAMAGE LOCATION OF THE WOODEN BEAM MODEL AT DIFFERENT DAMAGE LOCATIONS 83 THEORETICAL DERIVATION OF DAMAGE DEGREE OF WOODEN BEAMS BASED ON CURVATURE MODE 831 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS 832 EXPRESSION OF LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF BEAM FREE VIBRATION UNDER DIFFERENT SUPPORTING CONDITIONS 8321 DISPLACEMENT EQUATION FOR FREE VIBRATION OF A SIMPLE SUPPORTED BEAM 8322 DISPLACEMENT EQUATION FOR FREE VIBRATION OF THE FIXED SUPPORT BEAM 833 THE EXPRESSION DERIVATION OF DAMAGE DEGREE OF A WOODEN BEAM UNDER DIFFERENT SUPPORTING CONDITIONS 834 VERIFICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT EXAMPLE 84 MODAL TEST AND DATA ANALYSIS 841 TEST OVERVIEW 8411 MODAL TEST EQUIPMENT 8412 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN 842 TEST PREPARATION AND TEST DESIGN 8421 TEST SPECIMEN SUPPORT METHOD AND MEASURING POINT ARRANGEMENT 8422 SELECTION OF EXCITATION PATTERN 843 TEST RESULTS AND DATA PROCESSING 8431 ANALYSIS OF CURVATURE MODAL OF SPECIMEN 8432 VERIFICATION OF DAMAGE DEGREE DETERMINATION FORMULA 85 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 9 VALIDATION OF PROPOSED SHM MODEL BASED ON INVERSE DYNAMIC APPROACH WITH LIMITED NOISY DYNAMIC RESPONSES BY EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 91 INTRODUCTION 911 THEORETICAL FORMULATION 912 EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 92 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 10 GROUTING COMPACTNESS ASSESSMENT IN POST-TENSIONING TENDON DUCTS USING PIEZOCERAMIC TRANSDUCERS AND WAVELET PACKET ANALYSIS 101 INTRODUCTION 102 METHODOLOGY 1021 PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT AND SA TRANSDUCERS 1022 WAVELET PACKET-BASED ANALYSIS 1023 DETECTION PRINCIPLE 103 EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES 1031 EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT 1032 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 104 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 1041 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS 1042 WAVELET PACKET-BASED ENERGY ANALYSIS 105 CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVE CHAPTER 11 THE ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON FREQUENCIES OF A FOOTBRIDGE 111 INTRODUCTION 112 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FREQUENCY 1121 ELASTIC MODULUS 1122 BOUNDARY CONDITION 1123 AXIAL FORCE 113 THE CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC MONITORING SYSTEM IN A FOOTBRIDGE 114 THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FREQUENCY IN A FOOTBRIDGE 115 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 12 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURE WITH CAST-IN-SITU MONOLITHIC JOINT 121 INTRODUCTION 122 RESEARCH OBJECT 123 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AN INTERFACE MODEL OF POST-POURING ZONE OF PRECAST MEMBERS 1231 MECHANISMS OF INTERFACE STRESS IN POST-POURING ZONE OF PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS 1232 INTERFACE MODEL OF POST-POURING ZONE OF PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS 124 FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION 1241 MATERIAL CONSTITUTION 1242 ESTABLISHMENT OF FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 125 ANALYSIS OF MODEL RESULTS 1251 SIMULATION METHOD OF STIFFNESS REDUCTION 1252 SIMULATION METHOD OF STRENGTH CHANGE 1253 TEST VERIFICATION 126 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 13 SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF A BRIDGE WITH A NONLINEAR TUNED MASS DAMPER USING INCREMENTAL HARMONIC BALANCE METHOD 131 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 132 MODELING OF THE NONLINEAR TMD BRIDGE UNDER PERIODIC MOVING FORCES 133 APPLICATION OF IHBM TO ANALYZE THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION 134 INVESTIGATION OF PARAMETER INFLUENCE ON DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 135 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 14 ANALYSIS ON THE INTERNAL EXPLOSION EFFECTS OF SINGLE-LAYER SPHERICAL RETICULATED SHELL 141 INTRODUCTION 142 NUMERICAL MODEL 1421 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 1422 MATERIAL MODEL 143 INTERNAL EXPLOSION EFFECTS 1431 LOADING EFFECTS OF INTERNAL EXPLOSION 1432 INTERNAL EXPLOSION RESPONSES 144 DISCUSSIONS 1441 SPACE HEIGHT COEFFICIENT 1442 WALL NO OPENINGS 1443 WALL OPENINGS 145 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 15 DAMAGE FEATURES FROM DIRECT MODAL STRAIN MEASUREMENTS 151 INTRODUCTION 152 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM 1521 TEST STRUCTURE 1522 PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE TEST 1523 DYNAMIC TEST SETUP 153 STRAIN-BASED MODAL ANALYSIS 1531 INFLUENCE OF DAMAGE VERSUS TEMPERATURE ON NATURAL FREQUENCIES 1532 INFLUENCE OF DAMAGE VERSUS TEMPERATURE ON STRAIN MODE SHAPES 154 LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE 30TH SPAN OF THE ARBRE VIADUCT 155 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 16 DISPLACEMENT ESTIMATION BY MULTI-RATE DATA FUSION OF STRAIN AND ACCELERATION DATA 161 INTRODUCTION 162 STRAIN-DERIVED DISPLACEMENT FORMULA 163 DISPLACEMENT ESTIMATION USING KALMAN FILTERING 1631 STATE-SPACE MODEL 1632 RECURSIVE FILTERING ALGORITHM 164 SIMULATION ON A SUPERTALL STRUCTURE 165 FIELD TEST ON A SUPERTALL STRUCTURE 166 CONCLUSIONS 167 FUNDING CHAPTER 17 CONCRETE CRACK IMAGE RECOGNITION BASED ON DBSCAN AND KPCA 171 INTRODUCTION 172 IPTS USED FOR CONCRETE CRACKS DETECTION 173 METHODOLOGY 1731 GRAYSCALE PROCESSING 1732 EDGE DETECTION 1733 IMAGE SEGMENTATION 1734 CRACK MONITOR 174 TESTING IMAGES 175 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 18 PEDESTRIAN INDUCED VIBRATION OF SLAB 181 INTRODUCTION 182 GOVERNING EQUATION 183 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 19 PIEZOELECTRIC ADMITTANCE-BASED DAMAGE DETECTION VIA DATA COMPRESSION AND RECONSTRUCTION 191 INTRODUCTION 192 MAIN THEORIES 1921 PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC TECHNIQUE 1922 COMPRESSED SENSING THEORY 1923 ORTHOGONAL MATCHING PURSUIT 193 VALIDATION OF THE APPROACH USING MONITORING DATA FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL SIMPLY-SUPPORTED BEAM 1931 DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMPLY-SUPPORTED BEAM EXPERIMENT 1932 ADMITTANCE DATA RECONSTRUCTION USING OMP ALGORITHM 1933 DATA COMPRESSION EFFECTS 1934 INFLUENCE OF SPARSITY LEVEL ON RECONSTRUCTION ACCURACY 1935 DAMAGE EVALUATION USING RMSD 194 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 20 SEVERAL DAMAGE INDICES BASED ON TRANSMISSIBILITY FOR APPLICATION IN STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION 201 INTRODUCTION 202 FUNDAMENTALS OF TRANSMISSIBILITY 203 DISTANCE MEASURE–BASED DAMAGE DETECTION INDICATORS 2031 COSH DISTANCE 2032 EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE 2033 ITAKURA DISTANCE 2034 MAHALANOBIS DISTANCE 204 DAMAGE INDICATORS 2041 DAMAGE DETECTION INDEX 2042 ADVANCED RESULTING INDEX 205 THE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED STEEL H-BEAM 2051 NUMERICAL MODEL DESCRIPTION 2052 APPLICABILITY OF THE DISTANCE MEASURE–BASED DAMAGE DETECTION INDICATORS 2053 THE RESULTS OF ARI 206 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A SIMPLY SUPPORTED STEEL H-BEAM 2061 TEST SCHEME 2062 APPLICABILITY OF THE DISTANCE MEASURE–BASED DAMAGE DETECTION INDICATORS 2063 THE RESULTS OF ARI 207 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 21 SUBSTRUCTURING-BASED DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF A STEEL RAILWAY BRIDGE USING OPERATIONAL MODAL DATA 211 INTRODUCTION 212 THE BRIDGE AND TESTS 213 FE MODEL UPDATING 2131 THE UPDATING PROCESS 2132 THE SUBSTRUCTURING-BASED APPROACH 214 THE SOLUTIONS 215 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER 22 TIME-FREQUENCY FEATURES OF CONTINUOUS METRO BRIDGE UNDER VARIOUS EXCITATIONS 221 INTRODUCTION 222 EXPERIMENTAL BRIDGE AND TRAIN 223 WAVELET ANALYSIS 2231 EFFECT OF TRAIN SPEED 2232 EFFECT OF TRAVELING DIRECTION 2233 EFFECT OF TRAIN BRAKING 2234 EFFECT OF CROSSING TRAIN 224 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 23 EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION OF SMALL-SCALE WIND TURBINE BLADES 231 INTRODUCTION 232 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND TESTING PROTOCOL 2321 WIND TURBINE BLADES 2322 TESTING MACHINE 2323 TYPES OF TESTS 233 FE MODEL 234 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION 2341 METHOD 2342 RESULTS 235 DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION 236 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 24 ESTIMATION OF NONLINEAR SYSTEM STATES WITH UNKNOWN LOADING AND LIMITED MEASUREMENTS 241 INSTRUCTIONS 242 FORMULAS OF THE PROPOSED APPROACH 243 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 2431 NONLINEAR HYSTERETIC STRUCTURE WITH DAHL MODEL 2432 NONLINEAR HYSTERETIC STRUCTURE WITH BOUC-WEN MODEL 244 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 25 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SHEAR CONNECTORS IN DEMOUNTABLE COMPOSITE BRIDGE DECK WITH STEEL SHEETS 251 INTRODUCTION 252 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE BRIDGE 253 PUSH-OUT TESTS 254 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF PUSH-OUT SPECIMENS 2541 FINITE ELEMENT TYPES AND NETWORKS 2542 MATERIAL CONSTITUTIVE RELATION 2543 INTERACTION AND CONSTRAINTS 2544 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND LOADING 2545 VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 255 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 26 BRIDGE DAMAGE CLASSIFICATION AND DETECTION USING FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED ON IMAGES FROM UAVS 261 INTRODUCTION 262 STRUCTURE OF FCNN 263 BUILDING DATABASE 264 EVALUATION OF TRAINING MODEL 265 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK CHAPTER 27 QUARTER CAR PARAMETER ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATION TO ROAD PROFILE EVALUATION USING A SMARTPHONE 271 INTRODUCTION 272 PRELIMINARIES 2721 ROAD INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX (IRI) 2722 ROAD POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY (PSD) 2723 SMARTPHONE-BASED SENSOR 273 ROAD PROFILE ESTIMATION 274 MODEL IDENTIFICATION 275 EXPERIMENT 276 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 28 HIGHWAY BRIDGE WEIGH-IN-MOTION VIA MOVING LOAD IDENTIFICATION 281 INTRODUCTION 282 MFI-BWIM ALGORITHM 2821 STATE SPACE MODEL FORMULATION 2822 INVERSE PROBLEM SOLUTION 2823 MODE SUPERPOSITION 283 TESTING WITH SIMULATED MODEL 284 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS CHAPTER 29 EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF A STEEL STAIR UNDER HUMAN ACTION 291 INTRODUCTION 292 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 2921 DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURE UNDER TEST 2922 TEST PROCEDURE 293 EXPERIMENTAL TEST RESULTS 2931 EMPTY STRUCTURE RESULTS 2932 RESULTS OF STATIONARY TESTS 2933 WALKING TEST RESULTS 294 FE SIMULATION 2941 MODEL DESCRIPTION 2942 SIMULATION OF OCCUPIED STRUCTURE 2943 WALKING FORCE FUNCTION 2944 SIMULATION OF RESPONSE UNDER WALKING TESTS 295 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 30 STUDY ON SEISMIC MITIGATION OF ELASTIC CABLES ON LONG-SPAN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES BY SHAKING TABLE TEST 301 INTRODUCTION 302 DESIGN OF A SCALE MODEL FOR SHAKING TABLE TESTS 3021 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3022 MATERIALS SELECTED FOR THE SCALE MODEL 3023 COMPONENT DESIGN 30231 CABLE DESIGN 30232 DESIGN OF ELASTIC CABLES 30233 SUPPORT DESIGN 3024 BALANCE WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE 303 SHAKING TABLE TEST METHOD 3031 THE LAYOUT OF MONITORING POINTS 3032 THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF THE SCALE MODEL BRIDGE 3033 SEISMIC WAVES SELECTED IN THIS TEST 3034 SEISMIC RESPONSES UNDER EXCITATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL GROUND WAVES 304 TEST RESULTS ON SEISMIC MITIGATION OF CABLES 305 ANALYSIS OF THE FINITE ELEMENT MODEL (FEM) 3051 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FEM 3052 COMPARISON ON DATA FROM THE TEST AND FEM 306 VERIFICATION ON SEISMIC MITIGATION MECHANISMS OF ELASTIC CABLES 307 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 31 STUDY ON VIBRATION CONTROL OF DOUBLE-TOWER CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES BY ADDING LONGITUDINAL CONSTRAINT SYSTEM 311 INTRODUCTION 312 STUDIES AND APPLICATION OF SEISMIC MITIGATION SYSTEM FOR CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES 3121 VISCOUS DAMPER AND ITS APPLICATION FOR CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE 3122 THE ELASTIC CONNECTING DEVICE AND ITS APPLICATION ON CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES 313 ENGINEERING BACKGROUND AND GROUND MOTION INPUTTED 3131 INTRODUCTION OF ENGINEERING BACKGROUND 3132 GROUND MOTION INPUTTED 314 SPATIAL DYNAMIC NONLINEAR MODEL 3141 SIMULATION OF MAIN GIRDER BODY, MAIN TOWER, PIER AND CABLE-STAYED CABLE 3142 SIMULATIONS OF SUPPORTING CONNECTIONS 315 SIMULATION OF PILE FOUNDATION 316 COMPARISON AND SELECTION OF TWO KINDS OF SEISMIC MITIGATION SYSTEMS 3161 INTRODUCTION OF TWO KINDS OF SEISMIC MITIGATION SYSTEMS 3162 COMPARISON OF BASIC DYNASTIC CHARACTERS 3163 SEISMIC RESPONSE AND MECHANISM ANALYSIS 317 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 32 AUTOMATIC MODAL PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE BASED ON THE STOCHASTIC SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION METHOD 321 INTRODUCTION 322 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF GUANHE BRIDGE 3221 SHM SYSTEM 3222 AMBIENT VIBRATION TEST 323 METHODOLOGY 3231 BASIC THEORY OF COVARIANCE-DRIVEN SSI 3232 AUTOMATIC MODAL PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON THE SSI 324 MODAL PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF GUANHE BRIDGE 3241 ELIMINATION OF FALSE MODES 3242 AUTOMATIC MODAL PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF GUANHE BRIDGE 325 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 33 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RANDOM DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF BRIDGE UNDER DENSE TRAFFIC FLOW 331 INTRODUCTION 332 MONITORING SYSTEM 3321 DESCRIPTION OF THE TIANYUAN BRIDGE 3322 BRIDGE MONITORING NETWORK 333 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL EXCITATION 3331 WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE ASSUMPTION 3332 KURTOSIS-SKEWNESS TEST 3333 ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 3334 QUANTILE-QUANTILE PLOT 3335 ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MEASURING POINTS IN THE SAME TIME PERIOD 3336 ANALYSIS OF THE SAME MEASURING POINT IN DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS 334 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON VEHICLE EXCITATION 3341 SIGNIFICANCE TEST 3342 CURVE FITTING 335 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 34 INUFLENCE OF JOINT REINFORCEMENT ANCHORAGE DETAILING ON THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLE-COLUMN BRIDGE PIERS 341 INTRODUCTION 342 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 3421 MODEL STRUCTURE 3422 TEST EQUIPMENT AND LOADING SYSTEM 343 EXPERIMENTAL PHENOMENA AND ANALYSIS 3431 EXPERIMENTAL PHENOMENA 3432 TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 34321 HYSTERETIC CURVE AND SKELETON CURVE 34322 ENERGY CONSUMPTION CAPACITY 34323 STIFFNESS DEGRADATION 344 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 35 PSEUDO DAMAGE TRAINING FOR SEISMIC FRACTURE DETECTION MACHINE 351 INTRODUCTION 3511 SHAKE-TABLE TESTS OF STEEL STRUCTURES 3512 FEATURES OF WAVEFORMS GENERATED BY BEAM-END FRACTURE 352 GENERATE TRAINING DATABASE FROM SIMULATION 353 CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK 354 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 36 A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LABORATORY GRANDSTANDS 361 INTRODUCTION 362 LITERATURE REVIEW 3621 GRANDSTAND SIMULATOR OF UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UK 3622 GRANDSTAND SIMULATOR OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARAÍBA, BRAZIL 3623 GRANDSTAND SIMULATOR OF GDANSK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY GRANDSTAND, POLAND 3624 GRANDSTAND SIMULATOR OF QATAR UNIVERSITY, QATAR 3625 GRANDSTAND SIMULATOR OF UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA, USA 3626 GRANDSTAND SIMULATOR OF HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHINA 3627 GRANDSTAND OF ÉMI-TÜV SÜD LTD, HUNGARY 363 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 37 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS TO FIND FACTOR OF SAFETY IN CASE OF DAMS AND SLOPES USING FINITE ELEMENT AND LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM METHODS 371 INTRODUCTION 372 LITERATURE SURVEY 3721 TAYLOR AND PECK CHARTS 3722 BISHOP AND MORGENSTERN CHARTS 3723 MORGENSTERN CHARTS 3724 SPENCER CHARTS 3725 HUNTER CHARTS 3726 HUNTER AND SCHUSTER CHART 373 EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS ANALYSIS 3731 SLIDE2 3732 SLIDE3 3733 RS2 3734 RS3 3735 PLAXIS 2D 3736 ABAQUS 3737 GEOSTUDIO 374 METHODOLOGY 375 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 376 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 38 DEVELOPMENT OF TUNED MASS DAMPER USING MULTI-STAGE STEEL LAMINATED RUBBER BEARINGS 381 INTRODUCTION 382 PROPERTIES OF STEEL LAMINATED RUBBER BEARING 3821 DESIGN OF BEARING PROPERTIES 3822 QUASI-STATIC HORIZONTAL CYCLIC LOADING TEST UNDER A CONSTANT VERTICAL LOAD 3823 TEST RESULT 383 PROPERTIES OF TMD USING MULTI-STAGE RUBBER BEARINGS 3831 STIFFNESS OF TMD USING MULTI-STAGE STEEL LAMINATED RUBBER BEARINGS 3832 HARMONIC EXCITATION TESTS 3833 RESULT OF HARMONIC EXCITATION TESTS 3834 NONLINEAR MODEL OF TMD 3835 COMPARING EXPERIMENTAL RESULT WITH THEORETICAL PREDICTION 384 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 39 ON THE PERFORMANCE OF UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTERS IN PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODELS 391 INTRODUCTION 392 NONLINEAR STATE-SPACE MODEL FOR NONLINEAR FE MODEL UPDATING 393 UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER 3931 STANDARD AND SQUARE-ROOT IMPLEMENTATIONS 3932 UNSCENTED TRANSFORMATIONS (UTS) 394 APPLICATION EXAMPLE 3941 STRUCTURE, FINITE ELEMENT MODEL, AND INPUT EXCITATION 3942 RESPONSE SIMULATION 3943 ESTIMATION RESULTS 3944 COMPUTATIONAL DEMANDS 395 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 40 UNCERTAINTY HANDLING IN STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION USING A NON-PROBABILISTIC META-MODEL 401 INTRODUCTION 402 METHODOLOGY 4021 PODE AND DMI 403 NUMERICAL RESULTS OF DAMAGE DETECTION 404 CONCLUSIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER 41 A NON-PARAMETRIC APPROACH TOWARD STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING FOR PROCESSING BIG DATA COLLECTED FROM THE SENSOR NETWORK 411 INTRODUCTION 412 THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR LONG-TERM MONITORING 4121 MOVING KERNEL PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS 4122 CASE STUDY 4123 ACCURACY OF DAMAGE DETECTION METHODS 413 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 42 AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF THREE COUPLED OSCILLATORS USING THE TWIN ROTOR DAMPERS 421 INTRODUCTION 422 TRD AND COUPLED OSCILLATORS 4221 TRD AND CONTINUOUS ROTATION MODE 4222 COUPLED OSCILLATORS 423 CONTINUOUS ROTATION MODE FOR COUPLED OSCILLATORS 4231 CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR STRATEGY 1 4232 CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR STRATEGY 2 424 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS 425 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 43 DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF IOT SENSING-BASED STRUCTURAL SEISMIC MONITORING SYSTEM 431 INTRODUCTION 432 IOT DEVICES 4321 RASPBERRY PI 3 MODEL B+ 4322 ADXL355 ACCELEROMETER 433 MONITORING SYSTEM 434 EXPERIMENTS 4341 SAMPLING RATE STABILITY 4342 ACCURACY VERIFICATION VIA SHAKING TABLE TESTS 4343 APPLICATION OF SSM SYSTEM IN A BUILDING 435 CONCLUSION REFERENCE CHAPTER 44 NON-PROBABILISTIC DAMAGE DETECTION USING CLASSIC AND MODAL INTERVAL ANALYSIS 441 INTRODUCTION 442 CLASSICAL AND MODAL INTERVAL ANALYSIS 4421 CLASSICAL INTERVAL ANALYSIS 4422 MODAL INTERVAL ANALYSIS 4423 INTERVAL SOLUTION EXAMPLE 443 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 444 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 45 A 3D ISOLATION DEVICE WITH VERTICAL VARIABLE STIFFNESS FOR LONG-SPAN SPATIAL STRUCTURES 451 INTRODUCTION 452 3D ISOLATION DEVICE WITH VERTICAL VARIABLE STIFFNESS 4521 COMPONENTS OF 3D ISOLATION DEVICE WITH VERTICAL VARIABLE STIFFNESS 4522 CONTROL MECHANISM OF VERTICAL ISOLATION DEVICE WITH VARIABLE STIFFNESS 453 SINUSOIDAL AND SHAKING TABLE TESTS 4531 SPECIMEN 4532 TEST RESULTS 454 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 46 DETECTION OF CRACK IN EULER-BERNOULLI BEAM USING BAYESIAN INFERENCE 461 INTRODUCTION 462 FORMULATION FOR CRACK IDENTIFICATION 4621 CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION OF EULER-BERNOULLI CRACKED BEAM VIBRATION MODE 4622 BAYESIAN INFERENCE FOR CRACK DETECTION 463 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES 4631 CRACK IDENTIFICATION FOR A SINGLE-CRACK BEAM 4632 CRACK IDENTIFICATION FOR A MULTI-CRACK BEAM 464 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 47 SEISMIC RESPONSE OF COUNTERWEIGHT-ROLLER-RAIL COUPLED SYSTEM FOR HIGH-SPEED TRACTION ELEVATOR 471 INTRODUCTION 472 DYNAMICAL MODEL 473 NUMERICAL CALCULATION 474 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 48 MODAL SHAPE ESTIMATION BASED ON A PARKED VEHICLE INDUCED FREQUENCY VARIATION 481 INTRODUCTION 482 ESTIMATION METHOD 483 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 484 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 49 WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION JOINT DISTRIBUTION MODEL BASED ON STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 491 INTRODUCTION 492 LONG-TERM MONITORING OF WIND FIELD CHARACTERISTICS 4921 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENTED ARCH BRIDGE 4922 MONITORING OF WIND FIELD 4923 AVERAGE WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION 493 PROBABILISTIC MODELING METHODOLOGIES 4931 AL DISTRIBUTION-BASED INDIRECT MODELING APPROACH 4932 GA-BASED FINITE MIXTURE MODELING APPROACH 49321 FINITE MIXTURE DISTRIBUTIONS 49322 GA-BASED PARAMETER ESTIMATION 4933 SELECTION OF AN OPTIMAL MODEL 494 STOCHASTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION 495 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 50 APPLICATION OF A 3D BASE ISOLATION AND OVERTURN RESISTANCE DEVICE ON THE LARGE HEIGHT-WIDTH RATIO STRUCTURE 501 INTRODUCTION 502 DESIGN OF THE 3D BASE ISOLATION AND OVERTURN RESISTANCE DEVICE 5021 DESIGN OF THE HORIZONTAL LAMINATED RUBBER BEARING 5022 DESIGN OF THE VERTICAL ISOLATION DEVICE 503 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE LARGE HEIGHT-WIDTH RATIO STRUCTURE CONSIDERING THE 3D BASE ISOLATION AND OVERTURN RESISTANCE 5031 MODEL OVERVIEW 5032 ANALYSIS RESULT 50321 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NON-ISOLATED, HORIZONTAL ISOLATED, AND 3D BASE ISOLATION AND OVERTURN RESISTANCE STRUCTURES 50322 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE 3D BASE ISOLATION AND OVERTURN RESISTANCE STRUCTURE VARYING WITH THE HEIGHT-WIDTH RATIO 504 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 51 NON-CONTACT VIDEO-BASED IDENTIFICATION FOR DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF BEAM STRUCTURES 511 INTRODUCTION 512 EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM SETUP BASED ON DIGITAL VIDEO 5121 MEASUREMENT SYSTEM 5122 TARGET RECOGNITION METHOD 513 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED STEEL BEAM 5131 INTRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL MODEL 5132 CLOSE-RANGE EXPERIMENT IN THE LABORATORY 5133 LONG-DISTANCE EXPERIMENT IN THE LABORATORY 514 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 52 BRIDGE DAMAGE LOCALIZATION USING MOVING EMBEDDED PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS WITH A SINGLE SENSOR 521 INTRODUCTION 522 METHODOLOGY 523 NUMERICAL SIMULATION 524 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 53 DAMAGE DETECTION OF RC BRIDGES BASED ON COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION OF INFLUENCE LINES 531 INTRODUCTION 532 DAMAGE DETECTION BASED ON COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION OF MULTIPLE ILS 5321 DAMAGE INDEX BASED ON IL CHANGE 5322 DAMAGE LOCALIZATION BASED ON INFORMATION FUSION OF MULTIPLE ILS 533 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION ON A THREE-SPAN CONTINUOUS RC BEAM 5331 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 5332 VERIFICATION OF IL IDENTIFICATION METHOD 5333 VERIFICATION OF DAMAGE DETECTION METHOD CHAPTER 54 HYBRID DIC-MESHLESS METHOD FOR EVALUATING STRAIN FIELD AROUND THE CRACK 541 INTRODUCTION 542 HYBRID DIC-MESHLESS METHOD 5421 DIC METHOD 5422 EFG METHOD 5423 HYBRID DIC-MESHLESS METHOD 543 QUASI-STATIC CYCLE TEST OF CT SPECIMENS 5431 SPECIMEN 5432 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 544 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 5441 FULL-FIELD DISPLACEMENT OF DIC TEST 5442 MESHLESS MODEL OF A CT SAMPLE 5443 COMPARISON OF STRAINS IN DIFFERENT METHODS 545 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 55 IDENTIFICATION OF MOVING FORCES IN THE CASE OF UNKNOWN BRIDGE STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS USING TRUNCATED GENERALIZED SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM 551 INTRODUCTION 552 BACKGROUND OF THEORY 553 TGSVD FOR MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION 554 STRUCTURAL PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION 555 THE SIMULTANEOUS IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM 556 NUMERICAL SIMULATION 5561 SIMULATION PARAMETERS 5562 RESULT 557 CONCLUSION CHAPTER 56 ESTIMATION OF REPEATED SLIP SURFACE IN CUT SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS 561 INTRODUCTION 562 METHODOLOGY 5621 STUDY AREA AND GEOLOGY 5622 SF CALCULATION 5623 ESTIMATION OF REPEATED SSS 563 NUMERICAL SIMULATION 5631 NUMERICAL MODEL OF SLOPE 5632 FAILURE CRITERION AND SF 5633 DEVELOPMENT OF REPEATED SSS 564 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 565 CONCLUSION