HYDRAULICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
CONTENTS PARTICLES/MOLECULES VERSUS CONTINUUM: THE NEVER-ENDING DEBATE OLD TIMES, NEW IDEAS THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY POISSON ON ELASTIC SURFACES (1812) NAVIER’S CORPUSCULAR THEORY (1820) FRESNEL’S CORPUSCULAR APPROACH TO WAVE OPTICS (1822) CAUCHY’S FIRST THEORY (1822–3; 1828) POISSON’S MEMOIR (1827–1828) AND CAUCHY’S SECOND THEORY (1828, 1833) PIOLA’S ORIGINAL WORKS (1836, 1845) GREEN’S ENERGY ARGUMENT (1839) OTHER WORKS: LAMÉ, CLAPEYRON, ETC ACTION AT A DISTANCE, ELECTROMAGNETISM AND CRYSTAL DYNAMICS CONCLUSION REFERENCES HYDRAULICS: THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS INTRODUCTION ANCIENT TIMES: HYDRAULIC TECHNOLOGY THE RENAISSANCE EXPERIMENTALISTS-THINKERS: LEONARDO, STEVIN, GALILEO GALILEI SEVENTEENTH CENTURY EXPERIMENTS: TORRICELLI, PASCAL, MARIOTTE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY THEORETICIANS: CLAIRAUT, DANIEL BERNOULLI, D’ALEMBERT, EULER THE TRUE EXPERIMENTALISTS: BORDA, BOSSUT, AND DU BUAT THE ROLE OF VISCOSITY: POISEUILLE, HAGEN SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ON POROUS MEDIA AND MIXTURES REMINDER: POISEUILLE AND BLOOD FLOW DARCY AND THE FOUNTAINS IN DIJON GENERALIZATIONS OF DARCY’S LAW POROUS MEDIA AND HOMOGENIZATION TECHNIQUE POROUS MEDIA AND THE THEORY OF MIXTURES CONTINUUM THERMO-MECHANICS AND CONSTITUTIVE MODELLING APPENDIX: ELEMENTS OF APH VISCOSITY, FAST FLOWS AND THE SCIENCE OF FLIGHT THE WORLD OF VORTICES REYNOLDS AND THE TRANSITION TO TURBULENCE PRANDTL AND BOUNDARY-LAYER THEORY THE SCIENCE OF NON-DIMENSIONAL NUMBERS SUMMARY DUHEM ON HYDRODYNAMICS AND ELASTICITY THE LECTURES OF 1890–1891 DUHEM’S GENERAL VIEWS ON CONTINUUM MECHANICS ADVANCES IN HYDRODYNAMICS ADVANCES IN ELASTICITY CONTEMPORARY RECEPTION OF DUHEM’S HEA AND HIS TWO “RECHERCHES” VOLUMES POINCARÉ AND HILBERT ON CONTINUUM MECHANICS POINCARÉ ON ELASTICITY PRELIMINARY REMARK THE COURSE ON ELASTICITY CONCLUDING COMMENTS HILBERT ON CONTINUUM MECHANICS CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF HILBERT’S LECTURE NOTES APPENDIX VISCOELASTICITY OF SOLIDS (OLD AND NEW) EARLY DEVELOPMENTS (1860–1950) EARLY THERMODYNAMICS (1940–1965) ENGINEERING VISCOELASTICITY (1940–1960), DYNAMIC STUDIES MATHEMATICAL VISCO-ELASTICITY (1960–1975) RECENT DEVELOPMENTS PLASTICITY OVER 150 YEARS (1864–2014) BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION TIMID EXPERIMENTAL STEPS AND FIRST MATHEMATICAL MODELLING ENTER EVOLUTION AND THERMODYNAMICS DUHEM’S PIONEERING WORKS INCREMENTAL LAWS RATE EQUATIONS PRANDTL-REUSS RELATIONS HYPO-ELASTICITY AS A PATH TO ELASTO-PLASTICITY MATHEMATICAL PLASTICITY AND CONVEXITY VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES APPLICATION OF CONVEX ANALYSIS UNIQUENESS AND EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS PHYSICAL PLASTICITY AND DISLOCATIONS FINITE-STRAIN PLASTICITY VARIA ANISOTROPY NUMERICAL PLASTICITY HOMOGENIZATION IN ELASTOPLASTICITY VISCOPLASTICITY COUPLING WITH OTHER PROPERTIES (POROSITY, DAMAGE, MAGNETISM) GRADIENT PLASTICITY NOTE ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHY FRACTURE: TO CRACK OR NOT TO CRACK THAT IS THE QUESTION THE BIRTH OF FRACTURE THEORY: INGLIS, GRIF?TH THE ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS FIELD AT CRACKS IRWIN AND ENERGY-RELEASE RATE ACCOUNTING FOR THE PLASTIC ZONE INVARIANT INTEGRALS AS MEASURES OF TOUGHNESS THE REALM OF CON?GURATIONAL-MATERIAL FORCES DYNAMIC FRACTURE EXTENSIONS AND MORE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ELECTRO-MAGNETO-ELASTIC GENERALIZATIONS THE CONSIDERATION OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS OF MATERIAL FORCES PERIDYNAMICS SIZE EFFECTS GEOMETRY AND CONTINUUM MECHANICS: AN ESSAY A FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM BY KILLING THE ROLE OF ELIE CARTAN THE IN?UENCE OF THE THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY THE IN?UENCE OF THE THEORY OF DISLOCATIONS THE THEORY OF LOCAL STRUCTURAL REARRANGEMENTS MODERN DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND ITS USE IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS GALLERY OF PORTRAITS THE MASTERS OF MODERN CONTINUUM MECHANICS RIVLIN AND TRUESDELL THE CO-WORKERS AND DIRECT DISCIPLES OF TRUESDELL THE CO-WORKERS AND DIRECT DISCIPLES OF RIVLIN A E GREEN AND PAUL NAGHDI A C ERINGEN AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE OUTSIDE THE USA AND THE UK CONCLUSION: SOME SOCIOLOGICAL REMARKS A GALLERY OF PORTRAITS EPILOGUE