PRACTICE AND THEORY OF THE INJECTOR
Chapter 1 Introduction and Aim of the Work 1 Chapter 2 Evaluation of High Pressure Components: Literature Survey and State of the Art 6 21 High Pressure Technology Today and Perspectives for the Future 6 22 Application of High Pressure in the Fuel Injection System of a Diesel Engine 8 221 Role and Importance of High Pressure in a Combustion System 8 222 Development of Diesel Fuel Injection Systems and Emission Control Legislation…10 223 Requirements on High Pressure Components 14 23 Theory of Thick-Walled Tube 17 231 Elastic Thick-Walled Tube 17 2311 Stress Distribution in an Elastic Thick-Walled Tube 18 2312 Strain Distribution in an Elastic Thick-Walled Tube 20 232 Criteria of Elastic Breakdown 21 233 Elastic-Plastic Thick-Walled Tube 23 2331 Partially Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Tube 25 23311 Stress Distribution in a Partially Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Tube 27 23312 Strain Distribution in a Partially Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Tube 30 2332 Completely Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Tube 31 23321 Stress Distribution in a Completely Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Tube 32 23322 Strain Distribution in a Completely Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Tube 34 24 Residual Stress Effects on the Operating Performance of Autofrettaged Components 35 25 Challenges and Problems in Autofrettage Process Evaluation 41 Chapter 3 Experimental Test Facility and Measuring Techniques 45 31 Experimental Test Facility 45 32 Data Acquisition and Data Processing 47 33 Strain Measurements Using Strain Gauges 50 34 Strain Evaluation Using Speckle Interferometry 52 341 Measurement of Surface Displacement 54 3411 Determination of Phase Change 56 3412 Physical Relationship Between Phase Change and Surface Displacement 58 3413 Principle of Phase Offset Evaluation 61 342 Measurement of Surface Shape 63 343 Evaluation of Stresses and Strains 66 344 Accuracy of the Q-100 Speckle Interferometry Measuring System 68 Chapter 4 Evaluation of Fuel Lines Using Speckle Interferometry70 41 Application Potential of the Q-100 Measuring System for Evaluation of Fuel Lines 70 411 Applied Approaches 72 4111 Analytical Calculations 73 4112 Finite Element Computations 73 4113 Strain Gauge Measurements 75 4114 Speckle Interferometry Measurements 76 412 Experimental Procedure 77 413 Results, Discussion and Conclusions 81 4131 Results of Investigations on the 30 x 10 Tube 81 4132 Results of Investigations on the 6 x 2 Tube 84 4133 Concluding Remarks 89 42 Determination of the Yield Strength 91 421 Selected Fuel Line and Sealing Principle Employed 92 422 Experimental Procedure and Evaluation of Results 93 423 Results, Discussion and Conclusions 95 43 Effective Autofrettage Pressure Determination 99 431 Selected Fuel Lines, Experimental Procedure and Principle of Results Evaluation 101 432 Sealing Principle Employed 102 433 Results of Investigation and Concluding Remarks 103 44 Evaluation of the Autofrettage Process Effects in Components with Complex Geometries 108 Chapter 5 Influence of the Pressure Holding Time on Strain Generation114 51 Introduction 114 52 Selected Fuel Lines and Sealing Principle Employed 116 53 Experimental Procedure and Principle of Results Evaluation 117 54 Results and Discussion 118 541 Results of Investigations 118 542 General Discussion of the Results 125 543 Interdependence Between Autofrettage Pressure, Holding Time and Generated Strain State 129 544 Determination of Optimal Autofrettage Process Parameters for Series Production 133 545 Detection of Internal Cracks by Speckle Interferometry Strain Measurements on the Outer Surface 136 55 Concluding Remarks 149 Chapter 6 Concept for Production Quality Control of Fuel Lines 151 61 Review of Measuring Methods for Stress-Strain Evaluation 152 62 Testing of Non-Contact Applicability of the Q-100 SI Measuring System 157 621 Easily Removable Holder for the Purpose of Non-Contact Application of the Optical Sensor on the 30 x 10 Tube 157 622 Light-Contact Application of the Optical Sensor on the 8 x 22 Fuel Line 161 63 Concept for Quality Inspection of Fuel Lines in Series Production 165 631 Concept Description 165 6311 RMC Module 166 6312 PSA Module 166 6313 NAVC Module 166 63131 FILE CONVERTER Submodule 167 63132 MEAN VALUE Submodule 167 63133 DATABASE Submodule 169 63134 ANALYTICAL CALCULATIONS Submodule 170 63135 COMPARISON CONDITIONS Submodule 171 632 System for Industrial Application 171 64 Concept for Control of Strain Generation in Series Production of Fuel Lines 171 641 Concept Description 171 642 Barriers to Implemenation of the Concept 175 Chapter 7 Summary, Conclusions and Outlook 177 71 Potential of Speckle Interferometry for Evaluation of High Pressure Components 177 72 Evaluation of the Autofrettage Process Effects in Components with Complex Geometries 178 73 Influence of the Pressure Holding Time on Strain Generation During the Autofrettage Process 179 74 Speckle Interferometry as a Quality Control Tool in the Series Production of Fuel Lines 181 Nomenclature 182 References 187