PROGRESS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
1 1 THE REPRESENTATIONAL BASES OF A MATERIAL SYSTEM 1 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 2 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND THERMODYNAMICS 1 1 3 THE NOTION OF STATE 1 1 4 PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS 1 2 AXIOMS OF THERMOSTATICS 1 2 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 2 EXTENSIVE QUANTITIES 1 2 3 ENERGY, WORK AND HEAT 1 3 CONSEQUENCES OF THE AXIOMS OF THERMOSTATICS 1 3 1 INTENSIVE VARIABLES 1 3 2 THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS 1 4 OUT-OF-EQUILIBRIUM STATES 1 4 1 INTRODUCTION 1 4 2 DISCONTINUOUS SYSTEMS 1 4 3 APPLICATION TO HEAT ENGINES CHAPTER 2 THERMODYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA 2 1 THERMOSTATICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA 2 1 1 REDUCED EXTENSIVE QUANTITIES 2 1 2 LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM 2 1 3 FLUX OF EXTENSIVE QUANTITIES 2 1 4 BALANCE EQUATIONS IN CONTINUOUS MEDIA 2 1 5 PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAWS 2 2 FLUID STATICS 2 2 1 GENERAL EQUATIONS OF FLUID STATICS 2 2 2 PRESSURE FORCES ON SOLID BOUNDARIES 2 3 HEAT CONDUCTION 2 3 1 THE HEAT EQUATION 2 3 2 THERMAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 2 4 DIFFUSION 2 4 1 INTRODUCTION 2 4 2 MOLAR AND MASS FLUXES 2 4 3 CHOICE OF REFERENCE FRAME 2 4 4 BINARY ISOTHERMAL MIXTURE 2 4 5 COUPLED PHENOMENA WITH DIFFUSION 2 4 6 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS CHAPTER 3 PHYSICS OF ENERGETIC SYSTEMS IN FLOW 3 1 DYNAMICS OF A MATERIAL POINT 3 1 1 GALILEAN REFERENCE FRAMES IN TRADITIONAL MECHANICS 3 1 2 ISOLATED MECHANICAL SYSTEM AND MOMENTUM 3 1 3 MOMENTUM AND VELOCITY 3 1 4 DEFINITION OF FORCE 3 1 5 THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF DYNAMICS (CLOSED SYSTEMS) 3 1 6 KINETIC ENERGY 3 2 MECHANICAL MATERIAL SYSTEM 3 2 1 DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF A MATERIAL SYSTEM 3 2 2 KINETIC ENERGY OF A MATERIAL SYSTEM 3 2 3 MECHANICAL SYSTEM IN THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM: THE RIGID SOLID 3 2 4 THE OPEN MECHANICAL SYSTEM 3 2 5 THERMODYNAMICS OF A SYSTEM IN MOTION 3 3 KINEMATICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA 3 3 1 LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN VARIABLES 3 3 2 TRAJECTORIES, STREAMLINES, STREAKLINES 3 3 3 MATERIAL (OR LAGRANGIAN) DERIVATIVE 3 3 4 DEFORMATION RATE TENSORS 3 4 PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAWS OF VISCOSITY 3 4 1 DEFINITION OF A FLUID 3 4 2 VISCOMETRIC FLOWS 3 4 3 THE NEWTONIAN FLUID CHAPTER 4 FLUID DYNAMICS EQUATIONS 4 1 LOCAL BALANCE EQUATIONS 4 1 1 BALANCE OF AN EXTENSIVE QUANTITY G 4 1 2 INTERPRETATION OF AN EQUATION IN TERMS OF THE BALANCE EQUATION 4 2 MASS BALANCE 4 2 1 CONSERVATION OF MASS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 4 2 2 VOLUME CONSERVATION 4 3 BALANCE OF MECHANICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES 4 3 1 MOMENTUM BALANCE 4 3 2 KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM 4 3 3 THE VORTICITY EQUATION 4 3 4 THE ENERGY EQUATION 4 3 5 BALANCE OF CHEMICAL SPECIES 4 4 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 4 4 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 4 4 2 GEOMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 4 4 3 INITIAL CONDITIONS 4 5 GLOBAL FORM OF THE BALANCE EQUATIONS 4 5 1 THE INTEREST OF THE GLOBAL FORM OF A BALANCE 4 5 2 EQUATION OF MASS CONSERVATION 4 5 3 VOLUME BALANCE 4 5 4 THE MOMENTUM FLUX THEOREM 4 5 5 KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM 4 5 6 THE ENERGY EQUATION 4 5 7 THE BALANCE EQUATION FOR CHEMICAL SPECIES 4 6 SIMILARITY AND NON-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS 4 6 1 PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 5 TRANSPORT AND PROPAGATION 5 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 5 1 1 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 5 1 2 THE CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 5 2 FIRST ORDER QUASI-LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 5 2 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 2 GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF THE SOLUTIONS 5 2 3 COMMENTS 5 2 4 THE CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 5 3 SYSTEMS OF FIRST ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 5 3 1 THE CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR N UNKNOWNS AND TWO VARIABLES 5 3 2 APPLICATIONS IN FLUID MECHANICS 5 3 3 CAUCHY PROBLEM WITH N UNKNOWNS AND P VARIABLES 5 3 4 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF ORDER N 5 3 5 APPLICATIONS 5 3 6 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF PROPAGATION 5 4 SECOND ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 5 4 1 INTRODUCTION 5 4 2 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS 5 4 3 REDUCED FORM OF THE SECOND ORDER QUASI-LINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 5 4 4 SECOND ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN A FINITE DOMAIN 5 4 5 SECOND ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND THEIR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 5 5 DISCONTINUITIES: SHOCK WAVES 5 5 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 5 5 2 UNSTEADY 1D FLOW OF AN INVISCID COMPRESSIBLE FLUID 5 5 3 PLANE STEADY SUPERSONIC FLOW 5 5 4 FLOW IN A NOZZLE 5 5 5 SEPARATED SHOCK WAVE 5 5 6 OTHER DISCONTINUITY CATEGORIES 5 5 7 BALANCE EQUATIONS ACROSS A DISCONTINUITY 5 6 SOME COMMENTS ON METHODS OF NUMERICAL SOLUTION 5 6 1 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES AND NUMERICAL DISCRETIZATION SCHEMES 5 6 2 A COMPLEX EXAMPLE 5 6 3 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS OF FLOW PROBLEMS CHAPTER 6 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF FLOWS 6 1 DYNAMICS OF VORTICITY 6 1 1 KINEMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE ROTATION VECTOR 6 1 2 EQUATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE ROTATION VECTOR 6 2 POTENTIAL FLOWS 6 2 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 2 BERNOULLI’S SECOND THEOREM 6 2 3 FLOW OF COMPRESSIBLE INVISCID FLUID 6 2 4 NATURE OF EQUATIONS IN INVISCID FLOWS 6 2 5 ELEMENTARY SOLUTIONS IN IRROTATIONAL FLOWS 6 2 6 SURFACE WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER 6 3 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE 6 3 1 INTRODUCTION AND DISCUSSION OF A SIMPLE EXAMPLE 6 3 2 OBTAINING APPROXIMATE VALUES OF A SOLUTION 6 4 SMALL PARAMETERS AND PERTURBATION PHENOMENA 6 4 1 INTRODUCTION 6 4 2 REGULAR PERTURBATION 6 4 3 SINGULAR PERTURBATIONS 6 5 QUASI-1D FLOWS 6 5 1 GENERAL PROPERTIES 6 5 2 FLOWS IN PIPES 6 5 3 THE BOUNDARY LAYER IN STEADY FLOW 6 6 UNSTEADY FLOWS AND STEADY FLOWS 6 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 6 2 THE EXISTENCE OF STEADY FLOWS 6 6 3 TRANSITIONAL REGIME AND PERMANENT SOLUTION 6 6 4 NON-EXISTENCE OF A STEADY SOLUTION CHAPTER 7 MEASUREMENT, REPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL SIGNALS 7 1 INTRODUCTION AND POSITION OF THE PROBLEM 7 2 MEASUREMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA IN FLOWS 7 2 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 2 MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE 7 2 3 ANEMOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS 7 2 4 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 7 2 5 MEASUREMENTS OF CONCENTRATION 7 2 6 FIELDS OF QUANTITIES AND GLOBAL MEASUREMENTS 7 2 7 ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTIES OF MEASUREMENTS 7 3 REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS 7 3 1 OBJECTIVES OF CONTINUOUS SIGNAL REPRESENTATION 7 3 2 ANALYTICAL REPRESENTATION 7 3 3 SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTIONS; SERIES AND ELEMENTARY SOLUTIONS 7 3 4 INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS 7 3 5 TIME-FREQUENCY (OR TIMESCALE) REPRESENTATIONS 7 3 6 DISCRETIZED SIGNALS 7 3 7 DATA COMPRESSION 7 4 CHOICE OF REPRESENTATION AND OBTAINING PERTINENT INFORMATION 7 4 1 INTRODUCTION 7 4 2 AN EXAMPLE: ANALYSIS OF SOUND 7 4 3 ANALYSIS OF MUSICAL SIGNALS 7 4 4 SIGNAL ANALYSIS IN AERO-ENERGETICS CHAPTER 8 THERMAL SYSTEMS AND MODELS 8 1 OVERVIEW OF MODELS 8 1 1 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS 8 1 2 MODELING BY STATE REPRESENTATION AND CHOICE OF VARIABLES 8 1 3 EXTERNAL REPRESENTATION 8 1 4 COMMAND MODELS 8 2 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATE REPRESENTATION 8 2 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MODELING 8 2 2 LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEM (LTIS) 8 3 MODELING LINEAR INVARIANT THERMAL SYSTEMS 8 3 1 MODELING DISCRETE SYSTEMS 8 3 2 THERMAL MODELS IN CONTINUOUS MEDIA 8 4 EXTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF LINEAR INVARIANT SYSTEMS 8 4 1 OVERVIEW 8 4 2 EXTERNAL DESCRIPTION OF LINEAR INVARIANT SYSTEMS 8 5 PARAMETRIC MODELS 8 5 1 DEFINITION OF MODEL PARAMETERS 8 5 2 ESTABLISHED REGIMES OF LINEAR INVARIANT SYSTEMS 8 5 3 ESTABLISHED REGIMES IN CONTINUOUS MEDIA 8 6 MODEL REDUCTION 8 6 1 OVERVIEW 8 6 2 MODEL REDUCTION OF DISCRETE SYSTEMS 8 7 APPLICATION IN FLUID MECHANICS AND TRANSFER IN FLOWS